indium

Also known as In, element 49, 49In, Indium element

Indium is a chemical element; it has symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a silvery-white post-transition metal and one of the softest elements. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium, and its properties are largely intermediate between the two. It was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter by spectroscopic methods and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum.

OverviewAI-generated

Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. Its standard atomic mass is 114.818. The element has an electronegativity of 1.78 and an ionic radius of 0.80. Its electron configuration is [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p¹.

Indium was discovered in 1863. It has a density of 7.31. The melting point is 314 and the boiling point is 3767. The vapor pressure is 0. The time-weighted average exposure limit is 0.1. The NIOSH Pocket Guide ID for the element is 0341.

Synthesized by Vinony from 30 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: In
Molecular weight: 114.818 g/mol
IUPAC name: indium
SMILES: [In]
InChIKey: APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

23,198 papers

via PubMed

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Encyclopedic overview

22 sections

Contents

Etymology
Properties
Physical
Isotopes
Chemistry
Indium(III) compounds
Hydrides and halides
Chalcogenides and pnictides
Indium(I) compounds
Compounds in other oxidation states
Organoindium compounds
History
Occurrence
Production and availability
Applications
Industrial uses
Medical applications
Biological role and precautions
Notes
References
Sources
External links

Indium is used primarily in the production of flat-panel displays as indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent and conductive coating applied to glass. It is also used in the semiconductor industry, in low-melting-point metal alloys such as solders and soft-metal high-vacuum seals. It is used in the manufacture of blue and white LED circuits, mainly to produce Indium gallium nitride p-type semiconductor substrates. It is produced exclusively as a by-product during the processing of the ores of other metals, chiefly from sphalerite and other zinc sulfide ores.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “indium” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.