
Julius Caesar was a Roman general and politician who ruled as dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC, famous for conquering Gaul and winning a civil war against his rival Pompey. He is considered one of history's most influential figures because his consolidation of power and declaration of himself as dictator for life set in motion the events that transformed the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
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Article · Polski
Gajusz Juliusz Cezar, łac. Gaius Iulius Caesar (ur. 12 lipca 100 p.n.e. lub 13 lipca 102 p.n.e. (koncepcja Mommsena i Diona) w Rzymie, zm. 15 marca 44 p.n.e. tamże) – rzymski polityk, wódz, dyktator i pisarz. Jeden z członków stronnictwa popularów, spowinowacony z Cynną i Mariuszem. Po ich śmierci piastował kolejno urzędy kwestora, edyla, pretora, konsula, imperatora oraz dyktatora. Sławę zdobył dzięki namiestnictwu w Galii. Dzięki pomocy swych żołnierzy udało mu się pokonać opozycję, skupioną wokół senatu i Pompejusza – tzw. optymatów, aby następnie, po wieloletnich walkach, przejąć pełnię władzy w Rzymie. Zamordowany w idy marcowe przez senatorów pod przywództwem Brutusa oraz Gajusza Kasjusza. W testamencie adoptował syna swojej siostrzenicy Gajusza Oktawiusza, późniejszego Oktawiana Augusta, wyznaczając go na swego spadkobiercę.
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