Louis Bonaparte
Also known as Louis I, Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, Luigi Buonaparte
king of Holland, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, member of the House of Buonaparte (1778-1846)
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Louis Bonaparte was the brother of Napoleon and served as king of Holland during the Napoleonic era, making him a significant figure in early 19th-century European history. His life illustrates how Napoleon used his family to consolidate power across Europe, even as Louis's reign demonstrated the tensions between family loyalty and the interests of the territories he ruled.
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- Marie, Ou les Hollandaises, Volume 3...
- Historical Documents and Reflections on the Government of Holland; Volume I
- Historical Documents and Reflections on the Government of Holland; Volume III
- Documents Historiques et Réflexions Sur le Gouvernement de la Hollande; Volume 1
- Documens Historiques et Réflexions Sur le Gouvernement de la Hollande, Volume 2...
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Article
Louis Bonaparte (born Luigi Buonaparte; 2 September 1778 – 25 July 1846) was a younger brother of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French. He was a monarch in his own right from 1806 to 1810, ruling over the Kingdom of Holland (a French client state roughly corresponding to the modern-day Netherlands). In that capacity, he was known as Louis I (Dutch: Lodewijk I [ˈloːdəʋɛik]).
Louis was the fifth surviving child and fourth surviving son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino, out of eight children who lived past infancy. He and his siblings were all born in Corsica, which had been conquered by France less than a decade before his birth. Louis followed his older brothers into the French Army, where he benefited from Napoleon's patronage. In 1802, he married his step-niece Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of Empress Joséphine (Napoleon's wife).