Melarsoprol is an arsenic-containing medication used for the treatment of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis). It is specifically used for second-stage disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense when the central nervous system is involved. For Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, eflornithine or fexinidazole is usually preferred. It is effective in about 95% of people. It is given by injection and is known by patients as "fire in the veins".
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{{Infobox drug | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 462248197 | IUPAC_name = (2-{4-[(4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]phenyl}-1,3,2-dithiarsolan-4-yl)methanol | image = Melarsoprol2DCSD.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image | width = 250 | image2 = Melarsoprol-3D-spacefill.png | image_class2 = bg-transparent
| tradename = Arsobal | synonyms = Mel B, Melarsen Oxide-BAL | Drugs.com = | pregnancy_category = | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = IV
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