narcolepsy
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Key facts
- Medical condition (new).name
- Narcolepsy
- Medical condition (new).image
- 1R02 crystallography.png
- Medical condition (new).caption
- The concentration of orexin-A neuropeptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic individuals is usually very low
- Medical condition (new).field
- Sleep medicine, neurology
- Medical condition (new).symptoms
- Excessive daytime sleepiness, involuntary sleep episodes, sudden loss of muscle strength, hallucinations
- Medical condition (new).complications
- Motor vehicle collisions, falls
- Medical condition (new).onset
- Adolescence
- Medical condition (new).duration
- Lifelong
- Medical condition (new).causes
- Orexin deficiency
- Medical condition (new).risks
- Family history, brain injury
- Medical condition (new).diagnosis
- Based on the symptoms and sleep studies
- Medical condition (new).differential
via Wikipedia infobox
Article
28 sectionsContents
- Signs and symptoms
- Causes
- Genetics
- H1N1 influenza
- Pathophysiology
- Loss of neurons
- Disturbed sleep states
- Diagnosis
- Tests
- Treatment
- Orexin replacement
- Behavioral
- Medications
- Children
- Epidemiology
- Society and culture
- Name
- Research
- GABA-directed medications
- Flumazenil
- Clarithromycin
- Orexin receptor agonists
- L-carnitine
- Animal models
- Dog models
- Rodent models
- References
- External links
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. The symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. People with narcolepsy typically have poor quality of sleep.
There are two recognized forms of narcolepsy: type 1 and type 2. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) can be clinically characterized by symptoms of EDS and cataplexy, and/or will have cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin levels of less than 110 pg/ml. Cataplexy is transient episodes of aberrant muscle tone, most typically loss of muscle tone, that may be associated with strong emotion. In pediatric-onset narcolepsy, active motor phenomena are not uncommon. Cataplexy may be mistaken for syncope, tics, or seizures. Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) does not have features of cataplexy, and CSF orexin levels are normal. Sleep-related hallucinations, both hypnagogic (going to sleep) and hypnopompic (on awakening), are vivid hallucinations that can be auditory, visual, or tactile and may occur independent of or in combination with an inability to move (sleep paralysis).