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nucleophilic substitution

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class of chemical reactions in which a leaving group (electrophile) is replaced by an electron rich compound (nucleophile)

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Nucleophilic substitution reactions
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Encyclopedic overview

In chemistry, a nucleophilic substitution (SN) is a class of chemical reactions in which an electron-rich chemical species (known as a nucleophile) replaces a functional group within another electron-deficient molecule (known as the electrophile). The molecule that contains the electrophile and the leaving functional group is called the substrate.

The most general form of the reaction may be given as the following:

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “nucleophilic substitution” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.