Reye syndrome

syndrome characterized by acute brain damage and liver function problems

Key facts

Other names: Reye's syndrome
Pronunciation: / r aɪ ˈ s ɪ n d r oʊ m / rye SIN -drohm
Specialty: Pediatrics
Symptoms: Vomiting , personality changes, confusion, seizures , loss of consciousness
Complications: Persistent vegetative state , coma
Causes: Unknown
Risk factors: Aspirin use in children, viral infection
Treatment: Supportive care
Medication: Mannitol
Frequency: Less than one in a million children a year
Deaths: ~30% chance of death

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Research

Article

Reye syndrome is a rapidly worsening brain disease. Signs and symptoms of Reye syndrome may include vomiting, personality changes, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. While liver toxicity typically occurs in the syndrome, jaundice usually does not. Death occurs in 20–40% of those affected with Reye syndrome, and about a third of those who survive are left with a significant degree of brain damage.

The cause of Reye syndrome is unknown. It usually begins shortly after recovery from a viral infection, such as influenza or chickenpox. About 90% of cases in children are associated with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) use. Inborn errors of metabolism are also a risk factor. The syndrome is associated with changes on blood tests such as a high blood ammonia level, low blood sugar level, and prolonged prothrombin time. Often, the liver is enlarged in those who have the syndrome.