poliomyelitis

Also known as polio, infantile paralysis, acute poliomyelitis, Heine–Medin disease

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Key facts

Medical condition (new).name: Polio
Medical condition (new).synonyms: Poliomyelitis, infantile paralysis, Heine–Medin disease
Medical condition (new).image: Polio lores134.jpg
Medical condition (new).caption: A man with a wasted right leg due to poliomyelitis
Medical condition (new).field: Neurology, infectious disease
Medical condition (new).symptoms: Fever, sore throat
Medical condition (new).complications: Muscle weakness resulting in paralysis; Post-polio syndrome
Medical condition (new).causes: Poliovirus spread by fecal–oral route
Medical condition (new).risks: Poor hygiene
Medical condition (new).diagnosis: Finding the virus in the feces or antibodies in the blood
Medical condition (new).prevention: Polio vaccine

~49 min read

Article

34 sections

Contents

Signs and symptoms
Etymology
Cause
Transmission
Pathophysiology
Paralytic polio
Spinal polio
Bulbar polio
Bulbospinal polio
Diagnosis
Prevention
Passive immunization
Vaccine
Treatment
Prognosis
Recovery
Complications
Post-polio syndrome
Orthotics
Epidemiology
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses
Eradication
Afghanistan and Pakistan
Americas
Western Pacific
Europe
Southeast Asia
Middle East
Africa
History
Research
References
Further reading
External links

Poliomyelitis ( ), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia. These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis, and possible death in extreme cases. Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.

Polio occurs naturally only in humans. It is highly infectious, and is spread from person to person either through fecal–oral transmission (e.g. poor hygiene, or by ingestion of food or water contaminated by human feces), or via the oral–oral route. Those who are infected may spread the disease for up to six weeks even if no symptoms are present. The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood.