poliomyelitis
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Key facts
- Medical condition (new).name
- Polio
- Medical condition (new).synonyms
- Poliomyelitis, infantile paralysis, Heine–Medin disease
- Medical condition (new).image
- Polio lores134.jpg
- Medical condition (new).caption
- A man with a wasted right leg due to poliomyelitis
- Medical condition (new).field
- Neurology, infectious disease
- Medical condition (new).symptoms
- Fever, sore throat
- Medical condition (new).complications
- Muscle weakness resulting in paralysis; Post-polio syndrome
- Medical condition (new).causes
- Poliovirus spread by fecal–oral route
- Medical condition (new).risks
- Poor hygiene
- Medical condition (new).diagnosis
- Finding the virus in the feces or antibodies in the blood
- Medical condition (new).prevention
- Polio vaccine
- Medical condition (new).treatment
via Wikipedia infobox
Article
34 sectionsContents
- Signs and symptoms
- Etymology
- Cause
- Transmission
- Pathophysiology
- Paralytic polio
- Spinal polio
- Bulbar polio
- Bulbospinal polio
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Passive immunization
- Vaccine
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Recovery
- Complications
- Post-polio syndrome
- Orthotics
- Epidemiology
- Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses
- Eradication
- Afghanistan and Pakistan
- Americas
- Western Pacific
- Europe
- Southeast Asia
- Middle East
- Africa
- History
- Research
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Poliomyelitis ( ), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia. These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis, and possible death in extreme cases. Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.
Polio occurs naturally only in humans. It is highly infectious, and is spread from person to person either through fecal–oral transmission (e.g. poor hygiene, or by ingestion of food or water contaminated by human feces), or via the oral–oral route. Those who are infected may spread the disease for up to six weeks even if no symptoms are present. The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood.