rhodium

Also known as Rh, element 45, 45Rh

Rhodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a very rare, dark silvery-white, hard, corrosion-resistant transition metal. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group. It has only one naturally occurring isotope, which is 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is usually found as a free metal or as an alloy with similar metals and rarely as a chemical compound in minerals such as bowieite and rhodplumsite. It is one of the rarest and most valuable precious metals. Rhodium is a group 9 element (cobalt group). It is used for the enhancement of jewelry.

OverviewAI-generated

Rhodium is a chemical element with the symbol Rh and atomic number 45. Its standard atomic mass is 102.90549, and it has an electronegativity of 2.28. The element was discovered in 1803. Its electron configuration is [Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁸, and it can exhibit an oxidation state of 6. The ionic radius is 0.67.

Physically, rhodium has a density of 12.41 and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 275000. It melts at 3571 and boils at 6741. The electrical conductivity is 22300000, while the vapor pressure is 0. The NIOSH Pocket Guide ID is 0544. The immediately dangerous to life or health level is 100, and the time-weighted average exposure limit is 0.1.

Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Rh
Molecular weight: 102.9055 g/mol
IUPAC name: rhodium
SMILES: [Rh]
InChIKey: MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

10,311 papers

Rhodium at the chemistry-biology interface.ReviewDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) · 2018Ohata J , Ball ZT DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03032d
Homometallic Polynuclear Rhodium Complexes in Anticancer Drug Development.ReviewMini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2025Kostova IDOI: 10.2174/0113895575416558250822093008
Platinum, palladium, and rhodium in airborne particulate matter.ReviewArhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2019Rinkovec JDOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3293
Rhodium complexes as therapeutic agents.ReviewDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) · 2016Ma DL, Wang M, Mao Z et al.DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04338g
Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds Involving S-S Bond Cleavage of Disulfides and Sulfur.ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Arisawa M, Yamaguchi MDOI: 10.3390/molecules25163595
Rhodium-Catalyzed Atroposelective Click Cycloaddition of Azides and Alkynes.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2022Zeng L, Li J, Cui SDOI: 10.1002/anie.202205037
Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed C(sp(3) )-H Diamination of Arylcyclobutanes.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2022Liu X, Wang Z, Wang Q et al.DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205493
Rhodium and its compounds as potential agents in cancer treatment.ReviewCritical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2002Katsaros N, Anagnostopoulou ADOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(01)00222-0

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Wikidata facts

Subclass of: period 5
Part of: group 9
Named after: rose
Mass: 102.90549
Image: Rhodium powder pressed melted.jpg

Show 26 more facts

Commons category: Rhodium
topic's main category: Category:Rhodium
element symbol: Rh
atomic number: 45
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0544
density: 12.41
immediately dangerous to life or health: 100
Commons gallery: Rhodium
melting point: 3571
boiling point: 6741
Unicode character: 銠
vapor pressure: 0
described by source: Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition
time-weighted average exposure limit: 0.1
discoverer or inventor: William Hyde Wollaston
canonical SMILES: [Rh]
chemical formula: Rh
electrical conductivity: 22300000
time of discovery or invention: 1803-00-00
electronegativity: 2.28
tensile modulus of elasticity: 275000
different from: Rod
ionic radius: 0.55
oxidation state: 6
electron configuration: [Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁸
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4

Sources (10)

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Encyclopedic overview

16 sections

Contents

History
Characteristics
Chemical properties
Organorhodium compounds
Isotopes
Occurrence
Mining and price
Used nuclear fuels
Applications
Carbonylation
Ornamental uses
Other uses
Precautions
See also
References
External links

Rhodium is found in platinum or nickel ores with the other members of the platinum group metals. It was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston in one such ore, and named for the rose color of one of its chlorine compounds.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “rhodium” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.