scholar-official
Sign in to saveright|thumb|220px|A 15th-century portrait of the Ming dynasty|Ming official [[Jiang Shunfu. The decoration of two egrets on his chest are a "mandarin square", indicating that he was a civil official of the sixth rank.]] The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.
Article
17 sectionsContents
- Origins and formations
- Origins of ''Shi'' (士) and ''Da fu'' (大夫)
- Ancient social classes
- Interaction with Confucianism
- Talent selection systems in Ancient China
- Developments
- Han to Northern and Southern dynasties (202 BC – 589 AD)
- Sui and Tang Dynasties (581–907)
- Song Dynasty (960–1279)
- Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties (1271–1912)
- Non-governmental functions
- Evaluations
- See also
- Notes
- Sources
- Further reading
- External links
right|thumb|220px|A 15th-century portrait of the Ming dynasty|Ming official [[Jiang Shunfu. The decoration of two egrets on his chest are a "mandarin square", indicating that he was a civil official of the sixth rank.]] The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.
Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.