サメ

Also known as sharks, Selachimorpha, Selachii, Selachian, Selachians

板鰓亜綱のうちエイ目を除いた軟骨魚類の総称

OverviewAI-generated

Sharks, scientifically classified as Selachimorpha, are a superorder of fish within the subclass Neoselachii. They belong to the class Elasmobranchii and phylum Chordata. These organisms inhabit marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. The group has existed since approximately 425 million years ago, with origins dating back about 450 million years. They are a source of shark liver oil.

The taxon is recognized as accepted in the World Register of Marine Species. It is referenced by 3,301 other encyclopedia articles. The Unicode character 🦈 represents the subject. Information about sharks is documented in sources such as the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Pauly–Wissowa, Gujin Tushu Jicheng, and the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition. A list of sharks is available for the group.

Synthesized by Vinony from 31 facts across 5 sources: Wikidata, iNaturalist, PubMed, WoRMS, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Species

haaien

Infraclass

PhylumChordata
ClassElasmobranchii

Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater

Observations13,598

via

Research

10,186 papers

Characterization of shark skin properties and biomimetic replication.ReviewBioinspiration & biomimetics · 2024R R Baeten S, Kochovski A, Jovanova J et al.DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad5c25
Shark immune system: A review about their immunoglobulin repertoire.ReviewFish & shellfish immunology · 2025Gargano C, Mauro M, Martino C et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110187
Shark recreational fisheries: Status, challenges, and research needs.ReviewAmbio · 2017Gallagher AJ, Hammerschlag N, Danylchuk AJ et al.DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0856-8
Microbial genetic engineering approach to replace shark livering for squalene.ReviewTrends in biotechnology · 2022Patel A, Bettiga M, Rova U et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.03.008
Relationships in Shark Skin: Mechanical and Morphological Properties Vary between Sexes and among Species.Integrative and comparative biology · 2023Hagood ME, Alexander JRS, Porter MEDOI: 10.1093/icb/icad111
Assembly and Expression of Shark Ig Genes.ReviewJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Hsu EDOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600164
Light-Designed Shark Skin-Mimetic Surfaces.Nano letters · 2021Jo W, Kang HS, Choi J et al.DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00436
Armored eyes of the whale shark.PloS one · 2020Tomita T, Murakumo K, Komoto S et al.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235342

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Instance of: taxon
Subclass of: fish as food
Parent taxon: Neoselachii
Image: Great white shark south africa.jpg

Show 12 more facts

taxon name: Selachimorpha
Commons category: Selachimorpha
MCN code: 0302.81.00
topic's main category: Category:Sharks
Commons gallery: Shark
Unicode character: 🦈
earliest date: 450000000-
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
start time: 425000000-
topic has template: Template:Selachimorpha
taxon rank: superorder
has list: list of sharks

Sources (6)

via Wikidata · CC0

Article · 日本語

サメ（鮫）は、軟骨魚綱板鰓亜綱に属する魚類のうち、鰓裂が体の側面に開くものの総称。鰓裂が下面に開くエイとは区別される。2020年11月時点で世界中に9目36科106属553種が存在し、日本近海には9目34科64属130種が認められている。世界中の海洋に広く分布し、オオメジロザメなど一部の種は汽水域、淡水域にも進出する。また、深海性のサメも知られている。体の大きさは種によって異なり、最大のジンベエザメ（全長13~14m）から最小のツラナガコビトザメ（全長22cm）や（全長20cm）までさまざまであるが、平均的には1~3メートルのものが多い。サメを意味する言葉として、他にワニ（和邇）やフカ（鱶）が使われることもある。詳細は、下記参照。

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA