strabismus

Also known as kreol, squint, cross-eyed, squint eyes

Strabismus is an eye disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. The eye that is pointed at an object can alternate. The condition may be present occasionally or constantly. If present during a large part of childhood, it may result in amblyopia ("lazy eyes") and loss of depth perception. If onset is during adulthood, it is more likely to result in double vision.

AI overview

Strabismus is a condition where the eyes don't align properly with each other when focusing on an object, and either eye may be the one pointed at the target. It matters because when present during childhood, it can lead to amblyopia (lazy eye) and loss of depth perception, while adult-onset strabismus typically causes double vision.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Medical condition (new).name: Strabismus
Medical condition (new).synonyms: Heterotropia, crossed eyes, squint
Medical condition (new).image: StrabismusVL2.jpg
Medical condition (new).caption: A person with exotropia, an outward deviated eye
Medical condition (new).field: Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orthoptics
Medical condition (new).symptoms: Nonaligned eyes
Medical condition (new).complications: Amblyopia, double vision
Medical condition (new).types: Esotropia (eyes crossed); exotropia (eyes diverge); hypertropia (eyes vertically misaligned)
Medical condition (new).causes: Muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma, infections
Medical condition (new).risks: Premature birth, cerebral palsy, family history
Medical condition (new).diagnosis: Observing light reflected from the pupil
Medical condition (new).differential: Cranial nerve disease, convergence insufficiency
Medical condition (new).treatment: Glasses, surgery
Medical condition (new).frequency: ~2% (children)

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

28,905 papers

Strabismus.ReviewArchives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1968Von Noorden GKDOI: 10.1001/archopht.1968.00980050386019
Sensory Strabismus; A Literature Review.ReviewJournal of binocular vision and ocular motility · 2024Khorrami-Nejad M, Alghurab A, Akbari MR et al.
Strabismus-associated myopia. Review.ReviewArchivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia · 2017Hernández Martínez P, Rodríguez Del Valle JMDOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2017.06.007
Etiology-based strabismus classification scheme for pediatricians.ReviewThe Turkish journal of pediatrics · 2022Mocan MC, Pastapur A, Kaufman LDOI: 10.24953/turkjped.2020.2372
Strabismus in Genetic Syndromes: A Review.ReviewClinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Kilic S, Bove J, So BN et al.DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14507
Topical anesthesia strabismus surgery.ReviewStrabismus · 2025Bhate M, Badakere A, Donaldson CDOI: 10.1080/09273972.2024.2413381
Strabismus.ReviewPediatric annals · 1990Catalano JDDOI: 10.3928/0090-4481-19900501-05
Strabismus.ReviewArchives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1970Von Noorden GKDOI: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040105025

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Image: Esotropia.jpg

Show 5 more facts

ICPC 2 ID: F95
Commons category: Strabismus
exact match: identifiers.org/doid/DOID:540
ICD-9-CM: 378.40
NCI Thesaurus ID: C35040

Sources (6)

via Wikidata · CC0

~20 min read

Article

19 sections

Contents

Signs and symptoms
Psychosocial effects
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Latency
Onset
Laterality
Direction and latency
Other considerations
Differential diagnosis
Management
Glasses
Surgery
Medication
Prognosis
In other animals
References
Further reading
External links

Strabismus can occur out of muscle dysfunction (e.g., myasthenia gravis), farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma, or infections. Risk factors include premature birth, cerebral palsy, and a family history of the condition. Types include esotropia, where the eyes are crossed ("cross eyed"); exotropia, where the eyes diverge ("lazy eyed" or "wall eyed"); and hypertropia or hypotropia, where they are vertically misaligned. They can also be classified by whether the problem is present in all directions a person looks (comitant) or varies by direction (incomitant). Another condition that produces similar symptoms is a cranial nerve disease. Diagnosis may be made by observing the light reflecting from the person's eyes and finding that it is not centered on the pupil. This is known as the Hirschberg reflex test.