Also known as ROC, Taiwan ROC, TW, The ROC, Republic of China (Taiwan), Chunghwa Minkuo, TPE, TWN
país insular na Ásia Oriental
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, is an island nation in East Asia located between the East and South China Seas, with a mountainous eastern region and urbanized western plains that is home to a significant population. It matters as a major East Asian economy and geopolitical entity, positioned strategically among China, Japan, and the Philippines, with control over a total of 168 islands in the region.
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Taiwan is home to more than 24 million people (2022). Although the vast majority of the population is ethnically Han Chinese, the indigenous Austronesian inhabitants maintain their own cultures, and the legacy of Japanese colonial rule still pervades much of Taiwanese life.
Japanese, Hongkongers and Southeast Asians enjoy taking short trips to Taiwan to enjoy its neighborly hospitality. Taiwan is home to some well-known international companies such as Acer, MSI, Asus, HTC, TSMC and Giant Bicycles, whose technologies are some of the most advanced in the world.
Perhaps due to its political ambiguity and lack of global presence, Taiwan has traditionally not been a significant destination for Westerners, though this is changing. Nevertheless tourists from Japan and Hong Kong have been visiting Taiwan in droves for a long time, and they are being joined by an increasing number of Koreans and Southeast Asians. The island is home to many cultural attractions, with an excellent selection right in the capital. Taipei is a bustling and modern metropolis, with ancient yet lively streets, and world-famous landmarks like Taipei 101. However, it's also home to the National Palace Museum, Zhongshan Hall, Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall and the beautifully restored Bao'an Temple. Bao'an is just one of many striking temple complexes worth a visit. For more, try the Zushi Temple in Sanxia or the Mazu temple in Makung. The large Longshan Temple in Lukang and the Confucian Temples of Changhua and Tainan are fine choices too. Tainan is the oldest city in Taiwan and therefore full of historic sites, especially colonial buildings, and including the Anping "Tree House" that's being slowly reclaimed by banyan trees. If you're looking for some deeper insights in Taiwan's history and culture, there's a wide range of museums to be explored, pretty much wherever you go.
This island is home to bustling cities with modern, high-tech infrastructure, and good transportation infrastructure means that getting around is easy. For those who have grown weary of the hus…
thumb|Taiwanese beef noodle soup thumb|Lemon aiyu jelly
Taiwan is a food lover's paradise, and a popular culinary tourism destination for East and Southeast Asian tourists. While not as highly regarded as the food from Hong Kong due to the traditionally high status Cantonese cuisine holds in Chinese culture, Taiwanese food has become more respected.
Taiwan (em chinês: 臺灣 ou 台灣 (tradicional), 台湾 (simplificado)), oficialmente República da China, é um Estado insular localizado na Ásia Oriental, que evoluiu de um regime unipartidário com reconhecimento mundial e jurisdição plena sobre toda a China para uma república com reconhecimento internacional limitado e com competência apenas sobre a ilha Formosa e outras ilhas menores, apesar de usufruir de relações de facto com muitos outros países. Até 1949, foi o governo chinês reconhecido internacionalmente e, como tal, foi um dos membros fundadores das Nações Unidas e um dos cinco membros permanentes do Conselho de Segurança da organização, até ser substituído pela República Popular da China em 1971. Fundada em 1912, a República da China abrangia grande parte da China continental e da Mongólia. No final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, com a rendição do Japão, o país anexou o grupo de ilhas de Formosa e Pescadores (Penghu) à sua jurisdição. Quando o Kuomintang (KMT), o Partido Nacionalista Chinês, perdeu a guerra civil para o Partido Comunista em 1949, o governo da RC foi transferido para Taipé e estabeleceu a cidade como sua capital temporária (também chamada de "capital da guerra" por Chiang Kai-shek), enquanto os comunistas fundaram a República Popular da China (RPC) na China continental. Formosa, ao lado das ilhas Pescadores, Kinmen, Matsu e outras menores, em seguida, tornou-se a extensão da autoridade da República da China. Apesar de sua competência abranger apenas esta área, durante o início da Guerra Fria a República da China ainda era reconhecida por muitos países ocidentais e pela ONU como o único governo legítimo da China. Constitucionalmente, a República da China não renunciou à sua reivindicação como o único governo legítimo de toda a China, embora, na prática, não possa prosseguir ativamente com estes objetivos. Os partidos políticos do país, muitas vezes, têm visões radicalmente diferentes a respeito da soberania de Taiwan. Ambos os ex-presidentes Lee Teng-hui e Chen Shui-bian mantinham a opinião de que é um país soberano e independente, separado da China continental e de que não há necessidade de uma declaração formal de independência. O presidente Ma Ying-jeou, no entanto, manifestou que considera que a República da China é um país soberano e independente, que inclui a China continental e Formosa. O país é uma democracia semipresidencialista e com sufrágio universal. O presidente atua como chefe de estado e a Assembleia Nacional serve como órgão legislativo. Considerado um dos quatro "tigres asiáticos", Taiwan é a 21.ª maior economia do mundo. A sua indústria de tecnologia desempenha um papel-chave na economia global. A República da China é classificada como desenvolvida em termos de liberdade de imprensa, saúde, educação pública, liberdade econômica, entre outros indicadores sócio-econômicos.
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Generally speaking, the foods of Taiwan are derived from mainland Chinese cuisines. Because most Taiwanese trace their ancestry to Fujian, it comes as no surprise that much of Taiwanese cuisine was derived from the cuisine of Fujian. It is also possible to find Sichuan () food, Hunan () food, Dongbei () food, Guangdong () food and almost every other Chinese cuisine on the island, because many famous chefs from the mainland fled to Taiwan after the communist victory in 1949, and many of the Nationalists brought their family recipes with them when retreating from the mainland. That being said, the mainland Chinese cuisines found on Taiwan are not necessarily "authentic" as Taiwanese cuisine has absorbed substantial local influences, and significant Japanese influences because of 50 years of Japanese colonial rule, giving it a unique character that distinguishes it from its mainland Chinese counterparts. The Taiwanese are also passionately in love with eggs and seafood. Fruits are another famous part of Taiwanese food. A wide range of fruits can be found at local fruit shops and stations. The subtropical climate allows different fr…
thumb|Drinks vending machine in Taiwan
As Taiwan is a subtropical island with the southern part in the tropics, it cannot hurt to drink a lot, especially during the summertime. Drink vending machines can be found virtually everywhere and are filled with all kinds of juices, tea and coffee drinks, soy milk and mineral water.
Bringing a water bottle is helpful in Taiwan for drinking. Water dispensers/fountains are ubiquitous in Taiwan, allowing you to refill your water bottles. Many drinking shops also provide at least NT$5 off for filling their drink with your water bottles to encourage people to use fewer disposable drink bottles.
thumb|250px|The Grand Hotel, Taipei
The Taiwanese are generally a warm and polite people, having been strongly influenced by Confucianism. As Taiwanese culture places a strong emphasis on respect for elders, elderly visitors will find most Taiwanese to be very helpful and accommodating.
Naming customs and modes of address are generally the same as in mainland China. See the Respect section of that article for details.
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