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Thebes was an ancient Egyptian city that served as the capital during some of the most powerful periods of Egyptian history, particularly during the New Kingdom. It was a major religious and political center where impressive temples and monuments were built, making it one of the most important cities in the ancient world.
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Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.
The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.