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toxicology

thumb|right|255px|A toxicologist working in a lab (United States, 2008)

AI overview

Toxicology is the science that studies how substances—from chemicals to drugs to poisons—affect living organisms and cause harm. It matters because toxicologists help determine what levels of exposure to different substances are safe for people and the environment, which informs medicine, regulation, and public health decisions.

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Research

297,146 papers

Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry.ReviewThe Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice · 2023Wilson-Frank CDOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.11.001
Application and development trends of network toxicology in the safety assessment of traditional Chinese medicine.ReviewJournal of ethnopharmacology · 2025Li X, Lin L, Pang L et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.119480
Analytical toxicology.ReviewEXS · 2010Maurer HHDOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8338-1_9
[Deductive Toxicology and Bioorganometallics].ReviewYakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan · 2023Kaji TDOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00103
History of toxicology at the Technical University of Munich (TUM).ReviewNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Greim HDOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03315-0
Toxicology: then and now.ReviewClinical biochemistry · 2006Langman LJ, Kapur BMDOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.03.004
Computational Toxicology and Drug Discovery.ReviewMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2018Hasselgren C, Myatt GJDOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7899-1_11
Forensic Toxicology: An Introduction.ReviewClinics in laboratory medicine · 2016Smith MP, Bluth MHDOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2016.07.002

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Commons category: Toxicology

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~17 min read

Article

14 sections

Contents

History
Basic principles
Testing methods
''In vivo'' model organism
''In vitro'' methods
Dose response complexities
Types
Toxicology as a profession
Requirements
Duties
Compensation
References
Further reading
External links

thumb|right|255px|A toxicologist working in a lab (United States, 2008)

Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage, duration of exposure (whether it is acute or chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and environment. Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning. There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices. Toxicology is currently contributing to the field of cancer research, since some toxins can be used as drugs for killing tumor cells. One prime example of this is ribosome-inactivating proteins, tested in the treatment of leukemia.