pharmacogenomics
Sign in to savePharmacogenomics, often abbreviated "PGx", is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Its name (pharmaco- + genomics) reflects its combining of pharmacology and genomics. Pharmacogenomics analyzes how the genetic makeup of a patient affects their response to drugs. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response, by correlating DNA mutations (including point mutations, copy number variations, and structural variations) with pharmacokinetic (drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination), pharmacodynamic (effects mediated throu
Article
36 sectionsContents
- Pharmacogenetics vs. pharmacogenomics
- Mechanisms of pharmacogenetic interactions
- Pharmacokinetics
- Drug-metabolizing enzymes
- Drug transporters
- Pharmacodynamics
- Drug targets
- Off-target sites
- Immunologic
- Clinical pharmacogenomics resources
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC)
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Table of Pharmacogenetic Associations
- Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling
- PharmGKB
- Commercial pharmacogenetic testing laboratories
- Direct-to-consumer pharmacogenetic testing
- Common pharmacogenomic-specific nomenclature
- Genotype
- Phenotype
- Applications
- Clinical implementation
- Reduction of polypharmacy
- Example case studies
- Challenges
- Controversies
- Race-based medicine
- Genetic exceptionalism
- History
- Future
- Ethics
- Web-based resources
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Pharmacogenomics, often abbreviated "PGx", is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Its name (pharmaco- + genomics) reflects its combining of pharmacology and genomics. Pharmacogenomics analyzes how the genetic makeup of a patient affects their response to drugs. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response, by correlating DNA mutations (including point mutations, copy number variations, and structural variations) with pharmacokinetic (drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination), pharmacodynamic (effects mediated through a drug's biological targets), and immunogenic endpoints.
Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with regard to the patients' genotype, to achieve maximum efficiency with minimal adverse effects. It is hoped that by using pharmacogenomics, pharmaceutical drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the "one-dose-fits-all" approach. Pharmacogenomics also attempts to eliminate trial-and-error in prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient's genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the effectiveness of the patient's current or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of precision medicine and even personalized medicine, in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for narrow subsets of patients or even for each individual's unique genetic makeup.