Also known as Ukrainia, Ukr., Ukraina, Ukraïna
東歐國家
Ukraine is a large country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, and by several other countries and bodies of water including Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, and the Black Sea. Its capital and largest city is Kyiv, and its official language is Ukrainian.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
via Open-Meteo
thumb|300px|The northern part of Czarnohora (Eastern Carpathians), the highest mountains in Ukraine. The highest peak in the picture is Howerla (2061 m)
Ukraine possesses fertile farmlands, a well-developed industrial base, and a well-developed educational system.
thumb|right|375px|
thumb|300px|Castle in [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]] thumb|300px|Potemkin Stairs in [[Odesa which extend for 142 m. They were so well-designed that they create an optical illusion. A person looking down the stairs sees only the landings, and the steps are invisible, but a person looking up sees only steps, and the landings are invisible.]]
The quickest way to get around big cities is the so-called marshrutka: the minibuses which follow routes much like the regular buses do. You can generally flag them down or ask them to stop at places other than the specified bus stops. The fare is paid as soon as you get in (except in Odesa, where you pay upon exiting), and is fixed no matter how far you want to go. This is the same for the conventional buses, tram, trolley-buses and the Metro. Tell the driver that you want to get off when you are approaching the destination.
Each city has an intercity bus station from which you can go pretty much anywhere in Ukraine. Fares and quality of service vary widely.
Public transport timetables can be searched and tickets bought from tickets.ua service.
thumb|300px|The Kyiv Pechersk Lavra in [[Kyiv, Ukraine, built in 1051.]] thumb|300px|Pelicans in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
Head to the historic city of Lviv, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site but still a bustling place and a true centre for learning and culture in the country. Its cobblestoned streets are packed with monuments going back to Medieval times, seemingly untouched by the destructive force of wars that have changed some of Ukraine's other cities so thoroughly. Even the extensive Soviet planning that has shaped many other places on the far east side of Europe have left only a minimal mark on the colourful mix of building styles. Highlights include the Korniakt Palace (right on the market square) and several beautiful churches. For an even more sophisticated taste of culture, try the fine collection of the Lviv National Art Gallery.
乌克兰(烏克蘭語:Україна,羅馬化:Ukrayina;乌克兰语音标:[ukrɑˈjinɑ])是位于东欧的共和制國家,南接黑海,东连俄罗斯,北与白俄罗斯毗邻,西与波兰、斯洛伐克、匈牙利、羅馬尼亞和摩尔多瓦诸国相连。地理位置上位於欧洲联盟与独联体的交界處,為西方世界与俄罗斯地缘政治的交會点,亦是天主教文明和東正教文明的交匯處。乌克兰是欧洲领土面积第二大的国家,僅次於俄罗斯,人口4,117万人(不包括克里米亚半岛),若含為4345萬(2014)。根据乌克兰的行政区划,乌克兰有24个州、一个自治共和国,和两个直辖市(首都基辅和塞瓦斯托波爾),人口构成上78%为乌克兰人,其余有俄羅斯人和羅馬尼亞人等。乌克兰官方语言为乌克兰语,主要宗教为东正教、東儀天主教和天主教。 在9世纪时,以烏克蘭首都基輔為中心,古代东斯拉夫人建立了第一個东斯拉夫民族國家基辅罗斯,曾一度十分强盛,直至12世纪蒙古人入侵后分裂。自14世纪中叶起,乌克兰被金帳汗国、波兰王国和立陶宛大公国先后统治。在大北方战争(1700-1721年)后,乌克兰被其他势力瓜分。19世纪时,乌克兰大部归属于俄罗斯帝国,其餘部分为奥匈帝国和波兰领土。在第一次世界大战和俄国革命的混乱时期,乌克兰曾在1917年至1921年短暂独立。在乌克兰内战后,乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国在1922年成为了苏联创始加盟共和国之一。随后直至第二次世界大战结束后,原為波蘭統治的西烏克蘭併入苏维埃乌克兰。在1945年,乌克兰成为联合国创始国之一。1954年,在苏联共产党第一书记尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫主导下,苏联最高苏维埃以紀念烏克蘭和俄羅斯統一300週年紀念日的名義,将克里米亚由俄羅斯划归给乌克兰。 1992年苏联解体后,乌克兰成为主权独立国家,作為独联体发起与创始国之一。乌克兰在獨立後由於實行未成熟的市场经济方向改革,使得國家进入八年的经济衰退时期,不过期間也出现过高增长。乌克兰目前是世界上重要的市场之一,於俄烏戰爭前曾是世界第三大粮食出口国。独立后的乌克兰继承了苏联的军事基础,並维持着仅次于俄罗斯的欧洲第二大军事力量,并拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的核武库。乌克兰在独立宣言中便宣布成为永久中立国并不寻求加入军事集团,随即于1994年放弃了核武器并以无核国家身份加入了核武禁擴條約。但俄罗斯于2014年出兵占领克里米亞并发动了对乌克兰的侵略战争,烏克蘭隨即退出独联体,并随后修宪取消国家的中立与不结盟政策,开始寻求加入北约。 2022年2月22日,俄罗斯普京政权宣布正式承认其在乌克兰东部扶植的頓內次克人民共和國和盧甘斯克人民共和國兩個傀儡政权。24日,俄羅斯军队自俄乌东北部边境,乌克兰和白罗斯边境,乌克兰南部和东部此前被俄国占领的克里米亚与顿巴斯地区向包括乌克兰首都基辅在内的广大地区发动全面入侵。烏克兰随后與俄羅斯斷交。2022年中俄军入侵攻势接近顶点时,乌克兰约有五分之一的土地遭俄军占领。但乌克兰随后相继在哈尔科夫反攻和赫尔松战役中夺回大片被占土地,目前戰事仍在持續中。
Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA
3 mapped locations
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).
via REST Countries
via World Bank Open Data · CC BY 4.0
via Wikimedia Pageviews API
via Wikipedia infobox
via PubMed
via Wikidata · CC0
Then there's the must-sees of Kyiv, a colourful place where the golden roofs of the Unesco World Heritage sites Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Pechersk Lavra make for some excellent highlights. Take an afternoon stroll through Andriyivsky Uzviz, the Montmartre of Kyiv, where you'll find a bustling mix of artist and souvenir sellers. Follow in the footsteps of Apostle Andrew, who - according to legend - climbed the steep stairs of this bohemian neighbourhood two thousand years ago, to the top where you'll now find a church with his name. Don't miss the excellent Pyrohovo Museum of Folk Architecture. Last but not least, Kyiv is …
Hike in Carpathian Mountains around Rakhiv Conquer 2,061-m Hoverla, part of the Chornohora mountain range Kayak down Dniester and admire Kamianets-Podilskyi and Khotyn castles Visit one of forty national parks (total area more than 10,000 km²) Listen to the bandura, Ukraine's official national musical instrument, consisting of 12 to 68 strings and performed in folk contexts.
Traditional Ukrainian cuisine is quite tasty, with some similarities to Polish and other Eastern European and Central European cuisines. It uses a lot of fat ingredients, especially in festive dishes. Traditional dishes include "salo" (salted lard) and soups like "solianka" (солянка in Ukrainian, meat soup) or "borshch" (борщ in Ukrainian) a soup made of red beets and typically garnished with some sour cream. Western Ukraine also has a green version of borshch, with greens and boiled eggs. The first, salo, is perhaps something you might not make yourself try - however is a delicious side dish, as for the soups being a must-have dish.
If you are outside a big city or in doubt about food, exercise caution and common sense about where you buy food. Try to buy groceries only in supermarkets or large grocery stores, check the expiration date if buying of a Mom and Pop shop, and never buy meat or dairy products on the street (you can buy them at the market but not near the market).
thumb|Holubtsi
You may also find nice places to eat not by maps, but just by the smoke of traditional wood fires. These are often places where they serve traditional Ukrainian food, including very tasty shashlyky (шашлики in Ukrainian). Restaurateurs are very friendly, and, more often than not, you will be one of their first foreign visitors. Next to the "borshch", you might also ask for "varenyky" (вареники in Ukrainian, dumplings filled with berries, vegetables, fruits or mushrooms), "deruny" (дерун…
thumb|300px|Different Ukrainian horilkas
The Ukrainian speciality is horilka (горілка, similar to vodka) with pepper. Other kinds of vodka are also quite popular - linden (tilia), honey, birch, wheat. Prices range for 1 L. Souvenir bottles are available for higher prices (some bottles reach upwards of for 0.5 L). There is a great choice of wine, both domestic and imported. The domestic wines mostly originate in the south, although wines from the Carpathian region of Uzhorod are also quite tasty. Ukraine is also famous for its red sparkling wines. Prices for local wine range per bottle of 0.75 L (avoid the cheapest wines, or less, as these are sometimes bottled as house wines but sold as local vintages), however, one can find genuine Italian, French, Australian wines from per bottle and more in big supermarkets and most restaurants. The price of imported wines dropped significantly over the last number of years and trends indicate further reductions in price.
There are a lot of other beverages too (both alcoholic and non-alcoholic). Ukrainian beer is of very good quality. Beer from barrels or kegs (more common in cafes) is often watered down. Canned beer is not very common in Ukraine and sometimes not of the same quality as the same variety sold in bottles. The best beers are brewed by Lvivske, Obolon and PPB (Persha Privatna Brovarnia). Imported beers are also widely available but more expensive – for instance, a bottle of Austrian Edelweiss can cost upwards of while averag…
Hotels might be a traumatic experience for a westerner anywhere outside the biggest cities. The cheaper the hotel, the larger the chance of some quite unfortunate surprises, especially for those not familiar with the Soviet-style level of service which remains in many places.
Hostels are becoming more and more common in larger cities, especially the ones attracting many tourists. However, do not expect the usual clientèle as you would in countries where backpacking is more common. Hostels in Ukraine are often filled with single mums and kids, working people without an apartment in the city, and other ominous but generally unthreatening people, which make staying in a dorm an awkward experience.
There are many mid-range () options outside Kyiv. For instance in Ivano-Frankivsk (near the Carpathians), the going rate is approximately for a suite (bedroom and sitting room) in one such hotel. Many hotels have the choice between renovated rooms/suites ("western style") and not renovated rooms (East European style). The last choice is more than 50% cheaper and gives you a spacious old fashioned 2 room suite, basic but clean!
There are a number of 5-star hotels in Kyiv and other cities; See guides for those cities for listings. At one such hotel in Lviv, the going rate ranges from a night. Using booking.com is very common in Ukraine.
Another option is to rent an apartment on the internet before you leave your country. There are many to choose from in big cities.
What many people …
thumb|300px|Pripyat next to the Chernobyl plant can actually be visited by tour
Although Ukraine has a close historical and cultural relationship with Russia, Ukrainians are not Russians; they're a separate ethnic group and would be deeply offended if you say otherwise. Even ethnic minorities (e.g. Russians, Hungarians, Romanians) within Ukraine usually identify as Ukrainian.
Do not say that the Ukrainian language is a dialect of Russian. Ukrainians proudly consider their language to be a separate language.
Do not call the country "the Ukraine;" Ukrainians consider the term incredibly disrespectful.
Women are traditionally treated with chivalry. Female travellers should not be surprised or alarmed if their male Ukrainian friends take the initiative to pay the bills at a restaurant, open every door in front of them, or help them carry their things. Male travellers should understand that these nuances will be expected by Ukrainian women, even if you're not in a romantic relationship.
Ukraine is by no means a conservative country with respect to clothing or behavior. However, stances on homosexuality range from conservative to outright hostile.
Ukrainians are generally reserved and take time to gradually open up to people. Don't be put off if people deliver brief, terse answers at first — this does not mean that people are uninterested in you.
Travel guide from Wikivoyage (CC BY-SA 4.0)
via Wikidata sitelinks · CC0