are words in the Japanese language composed of Chinese morphemes but invented in Japan rather than borrowed from China. Such terms are generally written using kanji and read according to the ''on'yomi pronunciations of the characters. While many words belong to the shared Sino-Japanese vocabulary (also known as kango), some kango do not exist in Chinese while others have a substantially different meaning from Chinese. Some kango'' have been borrowed back into Chinese.
are words in the Japanese language composed of Chinese morphemes but invented in Japan rather than borrowed from China. Such terms are generally written using kanji and read according to the ''on'yomi pronunciations of the characters. While many words belong to the shared Sino-Japanese vocabulary (also known as kango), some kango do not exist in Chinese while others have a substantially different meaning from Chinese. Some kango have been borrowed back into Chinese.
==Meiji era== During the Meiji Restoration, Japanese words were invented en masse to represent foreign concepts such as or . Towards the end of the 19th century, many of these terms were re-imported into Chinese. Some consider that because the form of the words entirely resembles that of native Chinese words in most cases, Chinese speakers often fail to recognize that they were actually coined in Japan. However, some scholars argue that many of those terms, which were considered as wasei-kango by some people, were in fact created by Chinese and Western scholars. During the 19th century, officials from Japan had been purchasing Sino-English dictionaries such as A Dictionary of the Chinese Language (1822), An English and Chinese Vocabulary in Court Dialect (1844) and Vocabulary and Handbook of the Chinese Language (1872) from China in order to absorb Western civilization.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).