Yersinia pestis

Also known as Pasteurella pestis

species of bacteria, cause of plague

AI overview

Yersinia pestis is a bacterium that causes plague, a serious infectious disease that has affected humans throughout history. It remains medically important today because plague can still infect people and requires treatment with antibiotics to prevent severe illness or death.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Species

Yersinia pestis

SPECIES

KingdomBacteria
PhylumProteobacteria
ClassGammaproteobacteria
OrderEnterobacterales
FamilyEnterobacteriaceae

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。本条目需要擴充。（2018年6月15日）请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。本条目需要精通或熟悉相关主题的编者参与及协助编辑。（2018年6月15日）請邀請適合的人士改善本条目。更多的細節與詳情請參见討論頁。本条目需要更新。（2018年6月15日）請更新本文以反映近況和新增内容。完成修改時，請移除本模板。二名法 Yersinia pestis(Lehmann and Neumann 1896) van Loghem 1944 模式株 ATCC 19428 = CIP 80.26 = NCTC 5923 鼠疫杆菌鼠疫桿菌（Yersinia pestis）是一種桿菌，屬於腸道桿菌科，同時也是腺鼠疫、肺鼠疫和敗血性鼠疫的病媒。所有的類型都在人類歷史上造成嚴重的傷亡（例如黑死病）。耶爾辛氏菌屬是屬於革蘭氏陰性菌（Gram negative），雙球株桿菌，和其他腸細菌相似，它有新陳代謝作用。鼠疫桿菌能產生反吞噬細胞的黏液。該生命體在隔離培養時是可動的，但在哺乳動物寄主裡時會變成不可動的。歷史鼠疫桿菌是1894年由巴斯德研究所（Pasteur Institute）的法國醫生和細菌學家亞歷山大·耶爾辛在香港鼠疫大流行時所發現的。耶爾辛是巴斯德的學生。北里柴三郎，一名日本細菌學家和科赫（Robert Koch）的學生，當時也正在從事尋找鼠疫病原體的研究。然而，耶爾辛先一步確定鼠疫和鼠疫桿菌的關係。這個細菌原被稱為鼠疫巴斯德氏桿菌（Pasteurella pestis），後來被重新命名為鼠疫耶爾辛氏桿菌（Yersinia pestis）。病因正常情況下，鼠疫桿菌只會在跳蚤和齧齒類身上發現。靠著這兩種宿主，鼠疫桿菌能從森林散播到都市中。然而，並不是每一種齧齒類都能攜帶鼠疫桿菌，不同的物種有不同的適應性。鼠疫桿菌之所以會有這麼強的致病力，是因為它能抵禦白血球的吞噬作用。外部連結微生物免疫學-Yersinia pestis(鼠疫桿菌) 查论编傳染病細菌性疾病: 變形菌門 G− 主要A00–A79、001–041、080–109 α立克次體目立克次體科/立克次體病斑疹傷寒地方性斑疹傷寒立克次體鼠型斑疹伤寒普氏立克次體流行性斑疹傷寒、布里爾-金瑟疾病、飛鼠斑疹傷寒斑點熱蜱傳播立氏立克次體落磯山斑點熱康氏立克次體南歐斑疹熱日本立克次體日本斑點熱西伯利亞立克次體北亞蜱傳斑疹傷寒澳大利亞立克次體昆士蘭蜱傳斑疹傷寒蜜蜂立克次體弗林德斯島斑疹熱非洲立克次體非洲蜱咬熱派氏立克次體美國蜱咬熱伊斯克利門埃立克次體伊斯克利門埃立克次體感染蟎傳播小蛛立克次氏體立克次氏體痘恙蟲東方體恙蟲病跳

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Article

Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis; formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium without spores. It is related to pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, from which it evolved. Yersinia pestis is responsible for the disease plague, which caused the Plague of Justinian and the Black Death, two of the deadliest pandemics in recorded history. Plague takes three main forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and bubonic. Y. pestis is a facultative anaerobic parasitic bacterium that can infect humans primarily via its host, the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis), but also through aerosols and airborne droplets for its pneumonic form. As a parasite of its host, the rat flea, which is also a parasite of rats, Y. pestis is a hyperparasite.

Y. pestis was discovered in 1894 by Alexandre Yersin, a Swiss/French physician and bacteriologist from the Pasteur Institute, during an epidemic of the plague in Hong Kong. Yersin was a member of the Pasteur school of thought. Kitasato Shibasaburō, a Japanese bacteriologist who practised Koch's methodology, was also engaged at the time in finding the causative agent of the plague. However, Yersin actually linked plague with a bacillus, initially named Pasteurella pestis; it was renamed Yersinia pestis in 1944.