Business models

thumb|upright=1.35|1948 print advertisement for Rinso laundry soap

Entrepreneurship is the creation or extraction of economic value by identifying and commercializing opportunities to deliver products or services, a process that typically requires considerable initiative and bears risk. This process may also encompass the pursuit of values that extend beyond mere economic considerations.

thumb|The volunteer board of a retail consumer cooperative, such as the former Oxford, Swindon & Gloucester Co-op, is held to account at an annual general meeting of members.

philosophy about free redistribution and access to a product

upright=1.35|thumb|right|A McDonald's franchise in [[Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada]] Franchising is a business practice where a company licenses its business model to another company, or more precisely, where the franchisor licenses some or all of its knowhow, procedures, intellectual property and other rights to sell its branded products and services to a franchisee. In return, the franchisee pays certain fees and agrees to comply with certain obligations, typically set out in a franchise agreement.

A subsidiary, subsidiary company, or daughter company is a company completely or partially owned or controlled by another company, called the parent company or holding company, which has legal and financial control over the subsidiary company. Unlike regional branches or divisions, subsidiaries are considered to be distinct entities from their parent companies; they are required to follow the laws of where they are incorporated, and they maintain their own executive leadership. Two or more subsidiaries primarily controlled by the same entity/group are considered to be sister companies of each

company whose primary business is holding controlling shares of subsidiary companies

airline with generally lower fares

corporate task of optimizing the existing resources in a company

rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value in economic, social, cultural or other contexts

controversial marketing strategy sometimes used in pyramid schemes

type of unsustainable business model

recurring payment at regular intervals for access to a product

thumb|In the freemium business model, business tiers start with a "free" tier. Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s and is closely related to tiered services. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-pl

grant of rights, land or property by a government, local authority, corporation, individual or other legal entity

type of performance-based marketing

In economic policy, austerity is a set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both. There are three primary types of austerity measures: higher taxes to fund spending, raising taxes while cutting spending, and lower taxes and lower government spending. Austerity measures are often used by governments that find it difficult to borrow or meet their existing obligations to pay back loans. The measures are meant to reduce the budget deficit by bringing government revenues closer to expenditures. Propone

anti-competitive large grouping of business interests; a large corporation, corporate group, or trade association that holds a dominant position in its sector of activity

economic and social systems that enable shared access to goods, services, data and talent

Free-to-play (F2P or FtP) video games are games that give players access to a significant portion of their content for free. The term "free-to-play business model" or simply, "free-to-play model", refers collectively to business models that ultimately result in the creation of free-to-play games. Games that adhere to free-to-play business models are distinct from traditional premium games, which require payment before use. Free-to-play games are not to be confused with freeware games, which are entirely costless. Accordingly, free-to-play games are sometimes called "free-to-start" due to not b

a phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service

Enshittification, also known as platform decay, is a process in which two-sided online products and services decline in quality over time. Initially, vendors create high-quality offerings to attract users, then they degrade those offerings to better serve business customers, and finally degrade their services to both users and business customers to maximize short-term profits for shareholders.

e-commerce concept

private business with relatively small number of employees, capital, or revenue

retail concept for moving clothing from the catwalk to consumers quickly, with rapid turnover of product

enterprises owned by consumers and managed democratically

cooperative that is owned and self-managed by its workers

redeemable virtual item for video game prizes

type of organization with social objectives

promotion of information age mindset toward innovation that runs counter to secrecy mentality

template for strategic business development used for developing new business models and documenting existing ones in a visual chart which includes value proposition, infrastructure, customers and finances

An artel () was any of several types of cooperative associations of workers in pre-revolutionary Russia. In the Soviet Union, the term was applied to production cooperatives. They began centuries ago but were especially prevalent from the time of the emancipation of the Russian serfs (1861) through the 1950s. In the later Soviet period (1960s–1980s), the term was mostly phased out with the complete monopolization of the Soviet economy by the state.

organization that provides organizations with services

economic and social activity facilitated by platforms

operational business strategy

Consumer-to-business (C2B) is a business model in which consumers (individuals) create value and businesses consume that value. For example, when a consumer writes reviews or when a consumer gives a useful idea for new product development then that consumer is creating value for the business if the business adopts the input. In the C2B model, a reverse auction or demand collection model, enables buyers to name or demand their own price, which is often binding, for a specific good or service. Inside of a consumer to business market the roles involved in the transaction must be established and t

legal form in the European Union

VUCA is an acronym based on the leadership theories of Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, to describe or to reflect on the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of general conditions and situations. The U.S. Army War College introduced the concept of VUCA in 1987, to describe a more complex multilateral world perceived as resulting from the end of the Cold War. More frequent use and discussion of the term began from 2002. It has subsequently spread to strategic leadership in organizations, from for-profit corporations to education.

type of video game monetization

Cross-selling is a sales technique involving the selling of an additional product or service to an existing customer. In practice, businesses define cross-selling in many different ways. Elements that might influence the definition might include the size of the business, the industry sector it operates within and the financial motivations of those required to define the term.

forming professional relationships between people, businesses, or groups

the economy of independent, temporary workers usually performing tasks from online platforms

a strategic planning method that some organizations use to make flexible long-term plan for decision makers

thumb|The disintermediation process thumb|Intermediary B may be bypassed by A to connect with C directly. thumb|Although Webvan failed in its goal of disintermediating the [[North American supermarket industry, several supermarket chains (like Safeway Inc.) have launched their own delivery services to target the niche market to which Webvan catered.]] Disintermediation is the removal of intermediaries in economics from a supply chain, or "cutting out the middlemen" in connection with a transaction or a series of transactions. Instead of going through traditional distribution channels, which ha

Coopetition (also spelled co-opetition, coopertition or co-opertition) is a concept in which firms or individuals engage in both cooperation and competition simultaneously. It describes situations where competing entities work together toward a common goal or share resources while still maintaining competitive interests in other areas. The term is a portmanteau of "cooperation" and "competition".

process reference model

online business model

A micro-enterprise, or microenterprise, is generally defined as a small business employing nine people or fewer, and having a balance sheet or turnover less than a certain amount (e.g. €2 million or PhP 3 million). The terms microenterprise and microbusiness have the same meaning, though traditionally when referring to a small business financed by microcredit the term microenterprise is often used. Similarly, when referring to a small, usually legal business that is not financed by microcredit, the term microbusiness (or micro-business) is often used. Internationally, most microenterprises are

Marketing focused on growing and retaining existing customers through incentives.

government office offering multiple services in a single location

business model

discounted package for current and future downloadable content packs for a video game.

economic system of reliance on large software-hosting corporations in contrast to peer-to-peer cooperation

the delivery of solutions, applications, products, tools or technologies to a customer as a service

Pay-to-play (P2P), sometimes called pay-for-play, is situation in which money is exchanged for services or the privilege to engage in certain activities. The common denominator of all forms of pay-to-play is that one must pay to "get in the game", with the sports analogy frequently arising.

business model of selling high-profit consumables or subscription services for use with a subsidized durable good

common business

diagram used to document strategic goals

business structure type

utility software