Chemical articles having Jmol set

highly corrosive, strong mineral acid in aqueous solution

thumb|Arginine ball and stick model spinning Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation. Only the L-arginine (symbol Arg or R) enantiomer is found naturally. Arg residues are common components of proteins. It is encoded by the codons CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG. The guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis

chemical compound

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication. After its discovery in 1975, its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat heartworm and acariasis. Approved for human use in 1987, it is used to treat infestations including head lice, scabies, river blindness (onchocerciasis), strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis and lymphatic filariasis. It works through many mechanisms to kill the targeted parasites, and can be taken by mouth, or applied to the skin for external infestations. It belongs to the avermectin family of medications.

Erythromycin (sometimes abbreviated ETM in reports) is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes respiratory tract infections, skin infections, chlamydia infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and syphilis. It may also be used during pregnancy to prevent Group B streptococcal infection in the newborn, and to improve delayed stomach emptying. It can be given intravenously and by mouth. An eye ointment is routinely recommended after delivery to prevent eye infections in the newborn.

Tirzepatide is a gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) analog and a GLP-1 receptor agonist. It is used as an antidiabetic medication to treat type2 diabetes and for weight loss. Tirzepatide is administered via subcutaneous injections (under the skin). It is sold in several countries under the brand name Mounjaro for diabetes treatment. In the United States it is sold with the trade name Zepbound for weight loss and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

Ozonide is the polyatomic anion with the formula . Cyclic organic compounds formed by the addition of ozone () to an alkene are also called ozonides.

Nusinersen, marketed as Spinraza, is a medication used in treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare neuromuscular disorder. In December 2016, it became the first approved drug used in treating this disorder.

'''m-Xylene (meta-xylene') is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is one of the three isomers of dimethylbenzene known collectively as xylenes. The m- stands for meta-, indicating that the two methyl groups in m-xylene occupy positions 1 and 3 on a benzene ring. It is in the positions of the two methyl groups, their arene substitution pattern, that it differs from the other isomers, o-xylene and p''-xylene. All have the same chemical formula C6H4(CH3)2. All xylene isomers are colorless and highly flammable.

Abamectin (also called avermectin B1) is a widely used insecticide and anthelmintic. Abamectin, is a member of the avermectin family and is a natural fermentation product of soil dwelling actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis. Abamectin differs from ivermectin, the popular member of the avermectin family, by a double bond between carbons 22 and 23. Fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis yields eight closely related avermectin homologs, with the B1a and B1b forms comprising the majority of the fermentation. The non-proprietary name, abamectin, refers to a mixture of B1a (~80%) and B1b (~20%).

Isosafrole is an organic compound that is used in the fragrance industry. Structurally, the molecule is related to allylbenzene, a type of aromatic organic chemical. Its fragrance is reminiscent of anise or licorice. It is found in small amounts in various essential oils, but is most commonly obtained by isomerizing the plant oil safrole. It exists as two geometric isomers, cis-isosafrole and trans-isosafrole.

Rhodocene is a chemical compound with the formula . Each molecule contains an atom of rhodium bound between two planar aromatic systems of five carbon atoms known as cyclopentadienyl rings in a sandwich arrangement. It is an organometallic compound as it has (haptic) covalent rhodium–carbon bonds. The radical is found above or when trapped by cooling to liquid nitrogen temperatures (). At room temperature, pairs of these radicals join via their cyclopentadienyl rings to form a dimer, a yellow solid.

Simeprevir, sold under the brand name Olysio among others, is a medication used in combination with other medications for the treatment of hepatitis C. It is specifically used for hepatitis C genotype 1 and 4. Medications it is used with include sofosbuvir or ribavirin and peginterferon-alfa. Cure rates are in 80s to 90s percent. It may be used in those who also have HIV/AIDS. It is taken by mouth once daily for typically 12 weeks.

Bivalirudin, sold under the brand names Angiomax and Angiox, among others, is a specific and reversible direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI). Chemically, it is a synthetic congener of the naturally occurring drug hirudin, found in the saliva of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. It is manufactured by The Medicines Company.

1-Aminopropan-2-ol is the organic compound with the formula . It is an amino alcohol. The term isopropanolamine may also refer more generally to the additional homologs diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA).

Linaclotide (sold under the brand name Linzess in the US and Mexico, and as Constella elsewhere) is a drug used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation with no known cause. It has a black box warning about the risk of serious dehydration in children in the US; the most common adverse effects in others include diarrhea.

Eptifibatide (Integrilin, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, also co-promoted by Schering-Plough/Essex), is an antiplatelet drug of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class. Eptifibatide is a cyclic heptapeptide derived from a disintegrin protein () found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri). It belongs to the class of the arginine-glycine-aspartate-mimetics and reversibly binds to platelets. Eptifibatide has a short half-life. The drug is the third inhibitor of GPIIb/IIIa that has found broad acceptance after the specific antibody abciximab and the non-p

Paritaprevir (previously known as ABT-450) is an acylsulfonamide inhibitor of the NS3-4A serine protease manufactured by Abbott Laboratories that shows promising results as a treatment of hepatitis C. When given in combination with ritonavir and ribavirin for 12 weeks, the rate of sustained virologic response at 24 weeks after treatment has been estimated to be 95% for those with hepatitis C virus genotype 1. Resistance to treatment with paritaprevir is uncommon, because it targets the binding site, but has been seen to arise due to mutations at positions 155 and 168 in NS3.

Lepirudin is an anticoagulant that functions as a direct thrombin inhibitor.

Tofersen, sold under the brand name Qalsody, is a medication used for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets the production of superoxide dismutase 1, an enzyme whose mutant form is commonly associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is administered as an intrathecal injection.

Grazoprevir is a drug approved for the treatment of hepatitis C. It was developed by Merck and completed Phase III trials, used in combination with the NS5A replication complex inhibitor elbasvir under the trade name Zepatier, either with or without ribavirin.

DIPAMP is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a ligand in homogeneous catalysis. It is a white solid that dissolves in organic solvents. Work on this compound by W. S. Knowles was recognized with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. DIPAMP was the basis for one of the first industrial scale asymmetric hydrogenation, the synthesis of the drug L-DOPA. thumb|center|550px|Synthesis of L-DOPA via hydrogenation with the C2-Symmetric ligands|C2-symmetric diphosphine DIPAMP.

Retatrutide (LY-3437943) is an experimental drug for obesity developed by the American pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company. It is a triple glucagon hormone receptor agonist (GLP-1, GIP, and GCGR receptors).

Mipomersen (INN; trade name Kynamro) is a withdrawn drug that was used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and is administered by subcutaneous injection. There is a serious risk of liver damage from this drug and it was only prescribed in the context of a risk management plan.

Fomivirsen (brand name Vitravene) is an antisense antiviral drug that was used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) in immunocompromised patients, including those with AIDS. It was administered via intraocular injection.

Difluorocarbene is the chemical compound with formula CF2. It has a short half-life, 0.5 and 20 ms, in solution and in the gas phase, respectively. Although highly reactive, difluorocarbene is an intermediate in the production of tetrafluoroethylene, which is produced on an industrial scale as the precursor to Teflon (PTFE).

Eteplirsen (brand name Exondys 51) is a medication to treat, but not cure, some types of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by a specific mutation. Eteplirsen only targets specific mutations and can be used to treat about 14% of DMD cases. Eteplirsen is a form of antisense therapy.

Viltolarsen, sold under the brand name Viltepso, is a medication used for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Viltolarsen is a Morpholino antisense oligonucleotide.

Ciluprevir was a drug used experimentally in the treatment of hepatitis C. It is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim and developed under the research code of BILN 2061. It was the first-in-class NS3/4A protease inhibitor to enter clinical development and tested in human. Ciluprevir is a potent competitive reversible inhibitor of NS3/4A protease from HCV genotype 1a (Ki = 0.3 nM) and 1b (Ki = 0.66 nM). It shows good selectivity for NS3 protease against representative serine and cysteine proteases, human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin B (IC50 > 30 μM).

1,2-Epoxybutane is an organic compound with the formula CH(O)CHCHCH. It is a chiral epoxide prepared by oxidation of 1-butene.

Golodirsen, sold under the brand name Vyondys 53, is a medication used for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It is an antisense oligonucleotide medication of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) chemistry.

chemical compound

Inotersen, sold under the brand name Tegsedi, is a 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) (2'-MOE) antisense oligonucleotide medication used for the treatment of nerve damage in adults with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis. The sequence is 5'-TCTTG GTTACATGAA ATCCC-3', where C is 5-methylcytidine, and the first and third section (bases 1-5 and 16–20, separated from the middle section by spaces) are MOE-modified (i.e. inotersen is a gapmer).

Nargenicin (CP-47,444, CS-682) is a 28 carbon macrolide with a fused tricyclic core that has in addition a unique ether bridge. The polyketide antibiotic was isolated from Nocardia argentinensis. Nargenicin is effective towards gram-positive bacteria and been shown to have strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, including strains that are resistant to methicillin. It has also been shown to induce cell differentiation and inhibit cell proliferation in a human myeloid leukemia cell line. __TOC__ ==Biosynthesis== The biosynthesis of nargenicin is believed to be closely relate

Danoprevir (INN) is an orally available 15-membered macrocyclic peptidomimetic inhibitor of NS3/4A HCV protease. It contains acylsulfonamide, fluoroisoindole and tert-butyl carbamate moieties. Danoprevir is a clinical candidate based on its favorable potency profile against multiple HCV genotypes 1–6 and key mutants (GT1b, IC50 = 0.2–0.4 nM; replicon GT1b, EC50 = 1.6 nM). Danoprevir has been evaluated in an open-label, single arm clinical trial in combination with ritonavir for treating COVID-19 and favourably compared to lopinavir/ritonavir in a second trial.