Formamides

Dimethylformamide, DMF is an organic compound with the chemical formula . Its structure is . Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for dimethylfuran, or dimethyl fumarate), this colourless liquid is miscible with water and the majority of organic liquids. DMF is a common solvent for chemical reactions. Dimethylformamide is odorless, but technical-grade or degraded samples often have a fishy smell due to impurity of dimethylamine. Dimethylamine degradation impurities can be removed by sparging samples with an inert gas such as argon or by sonicating the samples

Orlistat, sold under the brand name Xenical among others, is a medication used to treat obesity. Its primary function is preventing the absorption of fats from the human diet by acting as a lipase inhibitor, thereby reducing caloric intake. It is intended for use in conjunction with a healthcare provider-supervised reduced-calorie diet.

Formamide is an amide derived from formic acid. It is a colorless liquid which is miscible with water and has an ammonia-like odor. It is chemical feedstock for the manufacture of sulfa drugs and other pharmaceuticals, herbicides and pesticides, and in the manufacture of hydrocyanic acid. It has been used as a softener for paper and fiber. It is a solvent for many ionic compounds. It has also been used as a solvent for resins and plasticizers. Some astrobiologists suggest that it may be an alternative to water as the main solvent in other forms of life.

Formoterol, also known as eformoterol, is a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol has an extended duration of action (up to 12 h) compared to short-acting β2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), which are effective for 4 h to 6 h. Formoterol has a relatively rapid onset of action compared to other LABAs, and is effective within 2-3 minutes. The 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma report recommends a combination formoterol/inhaled corticosteroid inhaler as both a preve

Gramicidin, also called gramicidin D, is a mix of ionophoric antibiotics, gramicidin A, B and C, which make up about 80%, 5%, and 15% of the mix, respectively. Each has 2 isoforms, so the mix has 6 different types of gramicidin molecules. They can be extracted from Brevibacillus brevis soil bacteria. Gramicidins are linear peptides with 15 amino acids. This is in contrast to unrelated gramicidin S, which is a cyclic peptide.

'''N-Formylmethionine''' (fMet, HCO-Met, For-Met) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group. It is specifically used for initiation of protein synthesis from bacterial and organellar genes, and may be removed post-translationally.

Gyromitrin is a toxin and carcinogen present in several members of the fungal genus Gyromitra, like G. esculenta. Its formula is . It is unstable and is easily hydrolyzed to the toxic compound monomethylhydrazine . Monomethylhydrazine acts on the central nervous system and interferes with the normal use and function of vitamin B6. Poisoning results in nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea, while severe poisoning can result in convulsions, jaundice, or even coma or death. Exposure to monomethylhydrazine has been shown to be carcinogenic in small mammals.

chemical compound

Arformoterol, sold under the brand name Brovana among others, is a medication used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

''-Formylkynurenine is an intermediate in the catabolism of tryptophan. It is a formylated derivative of kynurenine. The formation of ''-formylkynurenine is catalyzed by heme dioxygenases.

Sulbutiamine sold under the brand names Arcalion, Enerion, and Sulbuxin is a synthetic derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1). In France, it is used to treat symptoms of weakness or fatigue. In Uruguay, it is prescribed when there is thiamine deficiency, mainly in patients with asthenia, overwork, apathy, depressive states, memory disorders, and iatrogenic disorders of wakefulness. It is also sold as a dietary supplement. Sulbutiamine was discovered in Japan as part of an effort to develop useful thiamine derivatives.

'''N-Methylformamide''' (NMF) is a colorless, nearly odorless, organic compound and secondary amide with molecular formula , which is a liquid at room temperature. NMF is mainly used as a reagent in various organic syntheses with limited applications as a highly polar solvent.

Benfotiamine (rINN, or '''S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate') is a synthetic, fat-soluble, S''-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or dietary supplement to treat diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Benfotiamine was developed in the late 1950s in Japan.

Fursultiamine (INN; chemical name thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide or TTFD; brand names Adventan, Alinamin-F, Benlipoid, Bevitol Lipophil, Judolor, Lipothiamine) is a medication and vitamin used to treat thiamine deficiency. Chemically, it is a disulfide derivative of thiamine and is similar in structure to allithiamine.

5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine (or FGAM) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin also contain fragments derived from FGAM.

'''N-Formylpiperidine''' is an organic compound with the formula C6H11NO. It is the amide of formic acid and piperidine. It can be used as a polar aprotic solvent, with better hydrocarbon solubility than other amide solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF). It has also been used to transfer the formyl group to a Grignard reagent:

Formothion (chemical formula: C6H12NO4PS2) is a chemical compound with obsolete uses in acaricides and insecticides.

Diethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula C5H11NO. As its name indicates, it is structurally related to formamide, having two ethyl groups in place of the two hydrogens. It is used in place of the related dimethylformamide for niche applications.

Lipstatin is a potent, irreversible inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. It is a natural product that was first isolated from the actinobacterium Streptomyces toxytricini.

'''N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF, fMLP or N-formyl-met-leu-phe') is an N''-formylated tripeptide and sometimes simply referred to as chemotactic peptide is a potent polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotactic factor and is also a macrophage activator.

Allithiamine (thiamine allyl disulfide or TAD) is a lipid-soluble form of vitamin B1 which was discovered in garlic (Allium sativum) in the 1950s along with its homolog prosultiamine. They were both investigated for their ability to treat Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome and beriberi better than thiamine.

Iguratimod is an anti-inflammatory small molecule drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, together with methotrexate in Japan and China. As of 2015, the biological target was not known, but it prevents NF-κB activation and subsequently selectively inhibits COX-2 and several inflammatory cytokines.

Prosultiamine (INN; also known as thiamine propyl disulfide or TPD; brand name Jubedel,) is a disulfide thiamine derivative discovered in garlic in Japan in the 1950s, and is similar to allithiamine. It was developed as a treatment for vitamin B1 deficiency. It has improved lipid solubility relative to thiamine and is not rate-limited by dependency on intestinal transporters for absorption, hence the reasoning for its development.

Acefurtiamine (INN) is a vitamin B1 analog in a manner similar to the GABAergic activity of the thiamine derivative clomethiazole. It functions as an analgesic agent at sufficient doses.

Hadacidin, and hadacidin analogues, have anticancer activity and activity against adenylosuccinate synthetase.

Soquinolol is a beta adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Formanilide is the organic compound with the formula C6H5N(H)CHO. It is the formamide of aniline. It is a colorless solid. The compound is an additive in rubber products as well as a common synthetic intermediate. For example, it is a precursor to the fungicide mepanipyrim. Dehydration of formanilide gives phenylisocyanide.

'''N-Formylmorpholine''' is the organic compound with the formula O(C2H4)2NCHO. It is the formamide of morpholine (O(C2H4)2NH). A colorless compound, it is a useful high temperature solvent akin to dimethylformamide. It has been used as a formylating agent.