Heat shock proteins

proteins synthesized in response to hyperthermia and other environmental stresses

thumb|Schematic diagram highlighting the role of HSP70 in pathologies. The protective intracellular HSP70 is decreased whereas the levels of inflammatory extracellular HSP70 is increased. This imbalance leads to disease progression. The 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70s or DnaK) are a family of conserved ubiquitously expressed heat shock proteins. Proteins with similar structure exist in virtually all living organisms and play crucial roles in the development of cancer, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, regulating sleep, and much more. Intracellularly localized Hsp70s are an important part

Chaperonins, abbreviated Cpn, Cpn60, or HSP60, are a family of heat shock proteins that assist in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and refolding of misfolded proteins during stressful conditions such as high temperature. They are protein complexes consisting of about 16 protein subunits of ~60 kDa each. Chaperonins belong to a large class of molecules and complexes that assist protein folding, called molecular chaperones.

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

thumb|236px|Domain structure of the yeast heat-inducible Hsp90. Top: Crystallographic structure of the dimeric Hsp90. Bound ATP molecules are represented by space filling spheres. Bottom: 1D sequence of the yeast Hsp90. NTD= N-terminus|N-terminal domain (red), MD = middle domain (green), CTD = C-terminal domain (blue). thumb|236px|X-ray crystallography|Crystallographic structure of the ATP binding pocket of Hsp90 where ATP is represented by a ball and stick figure (carbon atoms = grey, nitrogen = blue, oxygen = red, phosphorus = orange) and Hsp90 is depicted as a solid surface (negatively char

DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJB1 gene.

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA6 gene.

Alpha-crystallin B chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYAB gene. It is part of the small heat shock protein family and functions as molecular chaperone that primarily binds misfolded proteins to prevent protein aggregation, as well as inhibit apoptosis and contribute to intracellular architecture. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. Mutations in CRYAB cause different cardiomyopathies, skeletal myopathies mainly myofibrillar myopathy, and also cataracts. In addition, defects in this gene/protein have been associated with cancer and neurodegenera

DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC14 gene.

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1, also termed Hsp72, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA1A gene. As a member of the heat shock protein 70 family and a chaperone protein, it facilitates the proper folding of newly translated and misfolded proteins, as well as stabilize or degrade mutant proteins. In addition, Hsp72 also facilitates DNA repair. Its functions contribute to biological processes including signal transduction, apoptosis, protein homeostasis, and cell growth and differentiation. It has been associated with an extensive number of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cell sen

Alpha-crystallin A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYAA gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJA1 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJA2 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJB11 gene.

Heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA2 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC1 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJB4 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC10 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJB9 gene.

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 also known as heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein or Hsc70 or Hsp73 is a heat shock protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA8 gene on chromosome 11. As a member of the heat shock protein 70 family and a chaperone protein, it facilitates the proper folding of newly translated and misfolded proteins, as well as stabilize or degrade mutant proteins. Its functions contribute to biological processes including signal transduction, apoptosis, autophagy, protein homeostasis, and cell growth and differentiation. It has been associated with an extensive number of cancers,

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 14 also known as HSP70-like protein 1 or heat shock protein HSP60 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA14 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJB2 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC11 gene.

Heat shock protein beta-6 (HSPB6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPB6 gene.

Putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC6 gene.

Human gene HSPA1B is an intron-less gene which encodes for the heat shock protein HSP70-2, a member of the Hsp70 family of proteins. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex, on the short arm of chromosome 6, in a cluster with two paralogous genes, HSPA1A and HSPA1L. HSPA1A and HSPA1B produce nearly identical proteins because the few differences in their DNA sequences are almost exclusively synonymous substitutions or in the three prime untranslated region, heat shock 70kDa protein 1A, from HSPA1A, and heat shock 70kDa protein 1B, from HSPA1B. A third, more modified paralog

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA1L gene on chromosome 6. As a member of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family and a chaperone protein, it facilitates the proper folding of newly translated and misfolded proteins, as well as stabilize or degrade mutant proteins. Its functions contribute to biological processes including signal transduction, apoptosis, protein homeostasis, and cell growth and differentiation. It has been associated with an extensive number of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cell senescence and aging, and Graft-versus-host di

DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC7 gene.