Molecular biology techniques

in vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments from small amounts of short oligonucleotide primers

thumb|upright=1.35|Diagram of a bacterium showing chromosomal DNA and plasmids (Not to scale) A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found as small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules in bacteria and archaea; however plasmids are sometimes present in eukaryotic organisms as well. Plasmids often carry useful genes, such as those involved in antibiotic resistance, virulence, secondary metabolism and bioremediation. While chromosomes are large and contain all th

technique in molecular biology

process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions

analytical technique used in molecular biology

DNA analysis technique, method for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting

use of large set of oligonucleotide probes

insertion of recombinant DNA molecules, by means of a replicating vehicle, into recipient cells without altering their viability

a medical test to know in less than a few hour a certain condition

molecular biology technique, detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting

thumb|right|230px|Cuvettes for in-vitro electroporation. These are plastic with aluminium [[electrodes and a blue lid. They hold a maximum of 400 μL.]]

energy transfer mechanism and microscopy technique

genetic technique

immunochromatographic testing devices

technique for separating different molecules by differences in their isoelectric point; a type of zone electrophoresis

DNA construct

method of DNA sequencing

Immunoprecipitation (IP) is the technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. This process can be used to isolate and concentrate a particular protein from a sample containing many thousands of different proteins. Immunoprecipitation requires that the antibody be coupled to a solid substrate at some point in the procedure.

laboratory technique

theory that characterizes object complexity

artificial peptide attached to protein for marking purpose

thumb|right|200px|A simple gravity flow column for Ni2+-affinity chromatography. The sample and subsequent buffers are manually poured into the column and collected at the bottom end after flowing through the resin bed (in light blue at the base of the column).

technique for protein detection

analytical technique

method

examines the sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies

genetic engineering method

thumb|An amplicon sequence template that has been prepared for amplification. The target sequence to be amplified is colored green. In molecular biology, an amplicon is a piece of DNA that is the source and/or product of amplification or replication events. It can be formed artificially, using various methods including polymerase chain reactions (PCR) or ligase chain reactions (LCR), or naturally through gene duplication. In this context, amplification refers to the production of one or more copies of a genetic fragment or target sequence, specifically the amplicon. As it refers to the product

form of artificial gene amplification

thumb|A schematic representation of the pBR322 vector with restriction sites indicated in blue. pBR322 is a plasmid and was one of the first widely used cloning vectors for E. coli. Created in 1977 in the laboratory of Herbert Boyer at the University of California, San Francisco, it was named after Francisco Bolívar Zapata, a postdoctoral researcher, and Raymond L. Rodriguez. The p stands for "plasmid," and BR for "Bolivar" and "Rodriguez."

isothermic nucleic acid amplification test technology

thumb|300px|right|This image diagrams the procedure of subcloning as outlined to the left. In molecular biology, subcloning is a technique used to move a particular DNA sequence from a parent vector to a destination vector.

Fosmids are similar to cosmids but are based on the bacterial F-plasmid. The cloning vector is limited, as a host (usually E. coli) can only contain one fosmid molecule. Fosmids can hold DNA inserts of up to 40 kb in size; often the source of the insert is random genomic DNA. A fosmid library is prepared by extracting the genomic DNA from the target organism and cloning it into the fosmid vector. The ligation mix is then packaged into phage particles and the DNA is transfected into the bacterial host. Bacterial clones propagate the fosmid library. The low copy number offers higher stability t

thumb|350x350px|The mechanism of identifying chromatin accessibility using the Tn5 transposase. a Open and closed status of chromatin. b When the chromatin accessibility is increased, the Tn5 transposase transpose in the open chromatin more often than in the inaccessible chromatin. The green/red symbols represents adapters. ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing) is a laboratory technique used in molecular biology to assess genome-wide chromatin accessibility. The technique was introduced in 2013 by the labs of Will Greenleaf and Howard Chang at Stanford Universi

simple language

sequencing of all the exons of a genome

technique used to determine which mRNAs are being actively translated

molecular biology technique, method used to detect DNA-protein interactions

thumb|400px|Workflow overview of a ChIP-on-chip experiment. ChIP-on-chip (also known as ChIP-chip) is a technology that combines chromatin immunoprecipitation ('ChIP') with DNA microarray ("chip"). Like regular ChIP, ChIP-on-chip is used to investigate interactions between proteins and DNA in vivo. Specifically, it allows the identification of the cistrome, the sum of binding sites, for DNA-binding proteins on a genome-wide basis. Whole-genome analysis can be performed to determine the locations of binding sites for almost any protein of interest. As the name of the technique suggests, such pr

technique for joining DNA molecules in molecular biology

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molecular biology technique

splitting the DNA into shorter pieces by endonucleolytic DNA cleavage at multiple sites

biochemical technique

assay to detect nucleic acid

lipid analysis technique

molecular biology technique

molecular biology method used to detect specific RNA sequences

molecular biology technique

Genetically modified moss plant