Russian inventions

thumb|upright=1.35|Flat-panel display|Flat-screen television receivers on display for sale at a consumer electronics store in May 2008

thumb|upright=1.5|A telescope in the Very Large Telescope system producing four orange [[laser guide stars |alt=A telescope emitting four orange laser beams]]

Telegram is a cloud-based, cross-platform social media and instant messaging (IM) service. It launched for iOS on 14 August 2013 and Android on 20 October 2013. It allows users to exchange messages, share media and files, and hold private and group voice or video calls as well as public livestreams. It is available for Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, Linux, and web browsers. Telegram offers end-to-end encryption in voice and video calls, and optionally in private chats if both participants use a mobile device.

Vodka ( ; ) is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage. Its varieties originated in Poland and Russia. Vodka is composed mainly of water and ethanol (alcohol), but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavourings. Traditionally, it is made by distilling liquid from fermented cereal grains and potatoes since the latter was introduced in Europe in the 18th century. Some modern brands use maize, sugar cane, fruit, honey, and maple sap as the base.

Tetris () is a puzzle video game created by Alexey Pajitnov, a Soviet software engineer, in the mid-1980s. In Tetris, falling pieces consisting of four connected blocks, known as tetrominoes, must be sorted into a pile. Once a horizontal line of the playfield is filled with blocks, the line disappears, granting points and preventing the pile from reaching the top. This gameplay has been used in approximately 220 versions across at least 70 platforms. Newer versions frequently add game mechanics, some of which have become standard. , Tetris is the second-best-selling video game series, with ove

electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect

upright=0.4|thumb|Thin-layer chromatography is used to separate components of a plant extract, illustrating the experiment with plant pigments which gave chromatography its name

thumb|The Baikonur Cosmodrome ([[Gagarin's Start launch pad)]]

Japanese-created Russian cultural icon: set of wooden dolls of decreasing size placed one inside another

A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

282x282px|thumb|Samovar in Tula, Russia|Tula, Russia|alt=

martial art sport developed in the USSR

thumb|upright=1.4|A United Airlines [[Airbus A320 (foreground) and an Emirates Boeing 777-300ER (background) at Logan International Airport in March 2017, two of the world's most widely used airliners.]] An airliner is a type of airplane for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are most often operated by airlines. The modern and most common variant of the airliner is a jet powered aircraft with a long, tube-shaped fuselage. The largest of them are wide-body jets which are also called twin-aisle because they generally have two separate aisles running from the front to the back o

hydrogen aerial bomb tested in 1961 by the Soviet Union; most powerful nuclear weapon ever created

dehydrated milk

The balalaika (, ) is a Russian stringed musical instrument with a characteristic triangular wooden, hollow body, fretted neck, and three strings. Two strings are usually tuned to the same note and the third string is a perfect fourth higher. The higher-pitched balalaikas are used to play melodies and chords. The instrument generally has a short sustain, necessitating rapid strumming or plucking when it is used to play melodies. Balalaikas are often used for Russian folk music and dancing.

mask protecting from toxic molecules and particles

type of amusement ride found at amusement parks and carnivals

space travel for recreational purposes

learning procedure in which biologically potent stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus

thermal or catalytic decomposition of a compound such as a hydrocarbon into chemical species of smaller molecular weight

The theremin (; originally known as the ætherphone, etherphone, thereminophone or termenvox/thereminvox) is an electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the performer (who is known as a thereminist). It is named after its inventor, Leon Theremin, who patented the device in 1928.

chemical compound

electric propulsion method for spacecraft

thumb|Two bundles of full-length rebar, which will be placed, bent, or cut as required by installation

300px|thumb|upright=1.7 |The first prototype ammonia maser in front of its inventor [[Charles H. Townes. The ammonia nozzle is at left in the box, the four brass rods at center are the quadrupole state selector, and the resonant cavity is at right. The 24 GHz microwaves exit through the vertical waveguide Townes is adjusting. At bottom are the vacuum pumps.]] thumb|right|260px|A hydrogen radio frequency discharge, the first element inside a #Hydrogen maser|hydrogen maser (see description below)

Okróshka ( ) is a cold soup of Russian origin, which probably originated in the Volga region.

Nginx (pronounced "engine x" , stylized as NGINX or nginx) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache. The software was created by Russian developer Igor Sysoev and publicly released in 2004. Nginx is free and open-source software, released under the terms of the 2-clause BSD license. A large fraction of web servers use Nginx, often as a load balancer.

space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of a planet or other celestial body

numerical method for solving physical or engineering problems

thumb|right|Water-air convective cooling radiator, made from aluminium, from a 21st-century car A radiator is a heat exchanger used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating. The majority of radiators are constructed to function in cars, buildings, and electronics.

Russian and Soviet rocket family

aircraft classification intended to conduct strategic bombing missions

technique to study materials with unpaired electrons

international professional day

thumb|Modern radiosondes showing progress of miniaturisationthumb|A Global Positioning System|GPS sonde, approx 220 × 80 ×75 mm (8.7 × 3.1 × 3 in) (with grounding station in the background, used to perform a 'ground check' and also recondition the humidity sensor)

Russian sauna or steambath

Russian Airplane

file format family

thumb|right|Russian valenki

well drilled in the ground or the seabed to recover hydrocarbons

device worn on the back which uses jets of gas or liquid to propel the wearer through the air

thumb|A 16-kg (35-lb) "competition grade kettlebell"

wearable machine meant to enhance a person's strength and mobility

type of roof

type of cruiser in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

type of plane partition

thumb|125px|right|A bong with a circular carburetion port in the front of the bowl A bong (also known as a water pipe) is a filtration device generally used for smoking cannabis, tobacco, or other herbal substances. In the bong shown in the photo, the smoke flows from the lower port on the left to the upper port on the right.

photographic technique used to capture electrical coronal discharges

Russian thermobaric bomb

robotic device designed for military applications

thermite reaction being a prominent example

thumb|250px|The portrait of an unknown girl in the traditional Russian clothing by Ivan Argunov, 1784, showcasing a large kokoshnik head dress.|alt=

advanced system for holding and firing missiles on mobile naval platforms

welding process that is used to join metal to metal by using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals when cool result in a binding of the metals

form of uniform headgear with a short visor, crown, band, and insignia

Russian chromatic button-key accordion

thumb|Zworykin holding the iconoscope tube, in a 1950 magazine article

artillery piece, mounted on and fired from a specially designed railway car

Earliest known assault rifle