chromatography
Sign in to saveupright=0.4|thumb|Thin-layer chromatography is used to separate components of a plant extract, illustrating the experiment with plant pigments which gave chromatography its name
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Chromatography is a laboratory technique used to separate different components of a mixture, such as the various pigments in plants. It's an important tool in science because it helps researchers identify and understand what substances are present in complex mixtures.
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Article
36 sectionsContents
- Etymology and pronunciation
- History
- Terms
- Techniques by chromatographic bed shape
- Column chromatography
- Planar chromatography
- Paper chromatography
- Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
- Displacement chromatography
- Techniques by physical state of mobile phase
- Liquid chromatography
- Supercritical fluid chromatography
- Techniques by separation mechanism
- Affinity chromatography
- Ion exchange chromatography
- Size-exclusion chromatography
- Expanded bed adsorption chromatographic separation
- Special techniques
- Reversed-phase chromatography
- Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
- Hydrophilic interaction chromatography
- Hydrodynamic chromatography
- Two-dimensional chromatography
- Simulated moving-bed chromatography
- Pyrolysis gas chromatography
- Fast protein liquid chromatography
- Countercurrent chromatography
- Hydrodynamic countercurrent chromatography (CCC)
- Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC)
- Periodic counter-current chromatography
- Chiral chromatography
- Aqueous normal-phase chromatography
- Applications
- See also
- References
- External links
upright=0.4|thumb|Thin-layer chromatography is used to separate components of a plant extract, illustrating the experiment with plant pigments which gave chromatography its name
In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent (gas or liquid) called the mobile phase, which carries it through a system (a column, a capillary tube, a plate, or a sheet) on which a material called the stationary phase is fixed. As the different constituents of the mixture tend to have different affinities for the stationary phase and are retained for different lengths of time depending on their interactions with its surface sites, the constituents travel at different apparent velocities in the mobile fluid, causing them to separate. The separation is based on the differential partitioning between the mobile and the stationary phases. Subtle differences in a compound's partition coefficient result in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus affect the separation.