Vitamin D

group of molecules used as vitamin

Rickets (scientific nomenclature: rachitis; from Greek , meaning "in or of the spine" which was chosen as a back-formation, see Etymology) is a condition that results in weak or soft bones in children and may have either dietary-deficiency or genetic causes. Symptoms include bowed legs, stunted growth, bone pain, large forehead, and trouble sleeping. Complications may include bone deformities, bone pseudofractures and fractures, muscle spasms, or an abnormally curved spine. The analogous condition in adults is osteomalacia.

Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3, colecalciferol or calciol, is a skin-made vitamin D that is found in certain foods and used as a dietary supplement. It was first described in 1936, and is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2023, it was the 68th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 9million prescriptions, and is available as a generic medication.

Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food. It is used as a dietary supplement to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease. It may also be used for low blood calcium due to hypoparathyroidism. It is taken by mouth or via injection into a muscle.

Osteomalacia is a disease characterized by the softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium. The impairment of bone metabolism causes inadequate bone mineralization.

Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. Calcitriol increases blood calcium mainly by increasing the uptake of calcium from the intestines.

Ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol) is a mycosterol found in cell membranes of fungi and protozoa, serving many of the same functions that cholesterol serves in animal cells. Because many fungi and protozoa cannot survive without ergosterol, the enzymes that synthesize it have become important targets for drug discovery. In human nutrition, ergosterol is a provitamin form of vitamin D2; exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light causes a chemical reaction that produces vitamin D2.

human disease commonly occurring in people when they have inadequate sunlight exposure

Calcipotriol, also known as calcipotriene and sold under the brand name Dovonex among others, is a synthetic derivative of calcitriol, a form of vitamin D. It is used in the treatment of psoriasis.

Calcifediol, also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (abbreviated 25(OH)D3), is a form of vitamin D produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. Calcifediol can be further hydroxylated by the enzyme 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase, primarily in the kidney, to form calcitriol (1,25-(OH)2D3), which is the active hormonal form of vitamin D.

thumb|250px|right|The epidermal strata of the skin

Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is an analogue of vitamin D used for supplementation in humans and as a poultry feed additive.

Tacalcitol (1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3) is a synthetic vitamin D3 analog. Tacalcitol is marketed under several names, including Curatoderm and Bonalfa.

mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Dihydrotachysterol (DHT) is a synthetic vitamin D analog activated in the liver that does not require renal hydroxylation like vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). DHT has a rapid onset of action (2 hours), a shorter half-life, and a greater effect on mineralization of bone salts than does vitamin D.

Paricalcitol (chemically it is 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D2. Marketed by Abbott Laboratories under the trade name Zemplar) is a drug used for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone) associated with chronic kidney failure. It is an analog of 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol, the active form of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).

Lumisterol is a compound that is part of the vitamin D family of steroid compounds. It is the (9β,10α) stereoisomer of ergosterol and was produced as a photochemical by-product in the preparation of vitamin D1, which was a mixture of vitamin D2 and lumisterol. Vitamin D2 can be formed from lumisterol by an electrocyclic ring opening and subsequent [[Sigmatropic reaction#.5B1.2C7.5D_Shifts|sigmatropic [1,7] hydride shift]].

medical treatment of the infectious disease tuberculosis

chemical compound

22-Dihydroergocalciferol is a form of vitamin D, also known as vitamin D4. It has the systematic name (5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)-ergostatrien-3-ol.

chemical compound

7-Dehydrositosterol is a sterol which serves as a precursor for sitocalciferol (vitamin D5).

mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

fat soluble vitamin

Human disease

excess of Vitamin D leading to abnormalities

Doxercalciferol (or 1-hydroxyergocalciferol, trade name Hectorol) is drug for secondary hyperparathyroidism and metabolic bone disease. It is a synthetic analog of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). It suppresses parathyroid synthesis and secretion.

Eldecalcitol is an analog of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D.