alloy
Sign in to savethumb|300x300px|From left to right: three alloys (beryllium copper, [[Inconel, steel) and three pure metals (titanium, aluminium, magnesium)]] An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which in most cases at least one is a metallic element, although it is also sometimes used for mixtures of elements; herein only metallic alloys are described. Metallic alloys often have properties that differ from those of the pure elements from which they are made. The vast majority of metals used for commercial purposes are alloyed to improve their properties or behavior, such as increased strength, hardn
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An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements in which at least one is typically a metal, and it often has different properties than the pure metals it's made from. Most metals used commercially are alloyed because this process improves their useful qualities, such as making them stronger or harder.
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Article
17 sectionsContents
- Characteristics
- Theory
- Heat treatment
- Mechanisms
- History and examples
- Meteoric iron
- Bronze and brass
- Amalgams
- Precious metals
- Pewter
- Iron
- Others
- Industry
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
thumb|300x300px|From left to right: three alloys (beryllium copper, [[Inconel, steel) and three pure metals (titanium, aluminium, magnesium)]] An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which in most cases at least one is a metallic element, although it is also sometimes used for mixtures of elements; herein only metallic alloys are described. Metallic alloys often have properties that differ from those of the pure elements from which they are made. The vast majority of metals used for commercial purposes are alloyed to improve their properties or behavior, such as increased strength, hardness or corrosion resistance. Metals may also be alloyed to reduce their overall cost, for instance alloys of gold and copper.
In an alloy, the atoms are joined by metallic bonding rather than by covalent bonds typically found in chemical compounds. The alloy constituents are usually measured by mass percentage for practical applications, and in atomic fraction for basic science studies. Alloys are usually classified as substitutional or interstitial alloys, depending on the atomic arrangement that forms the alloy. They can be further classified as homogeneous (consisting of a single phase), or heterogeneous (consisting of two or more phases) or intermetallic. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase, where all metallic grains (crystals) are of the same composition) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions, forming a microstructure of different crystals within the metal).