File:Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

EntityQ731· pop 162· linked from 3,714 articles

manganese

Also known as Mn, element 25, 25Mn

Manganese is a chemical element; it has the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. First isolated in the 1770s, manganese is a transition metal with many industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels in which it improves strength, workability, and resistance to wear. Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising agent, as a rubber additive, and in glass making, fertilizers, and ceramics. Manganese sulfate can be used as a fungicide.

OverviewAI-generated

Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. Its standard atomic weight is 54.938043. The substance has a density of 7.20 and melts at 2271 degrees Celsius. It boils at 3564 degrees Celsius. The vapor pressure is recorded as 0.

The element exhibits oxidation states of 5, 6, 7, and -3. Its electronegativity is 1.55, and its ionic radius is 0.96. Manganese was discovered in 1774. It is classified under Harmonized System Code 811100.

Safety guidelines indicate a time-weighted average exposure limit of 1 and a ceiling exposure limit of 5. The short-term exposure limit is 3. The level immediately dangerous to life or health is 500. The NIOSH Pocket Guide ID is 0379. The element is referenced by 3,714 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Key facts

Manganese.magnetic ordering: paramagnetic ferromagnetic (Under extreme conditions)

via Wikipedia infobox

Chemical data

Formula: Mn
Molecular weight: 54.93804 g/mol
IUPAC name: manganese
SMILES: [Mn]
InChIKey: PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

66,731 papers

Manganese.ReviewJournal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology · 1999Barceloux DGDOI: 10.1081/clt-100102427
Manganese Transporter Proteins in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.ReviewJournal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Ha N, Lee EJDOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00027-7
How manganese empowered life with dioxygen (and vice versa).ReviewFree radical biology & medicine · 2019Lingappa UF, Monteverde DR, Magyar JS et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.036
Genetic Disorders of Manganese Metabolism.ReviewCurrent neurology and neuroscience reports · 2019Anagianni S, Tuschl KDOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0942-y
Manganese.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Aschner M, Erikson KDOI: 10.3945/an.117.015305
Manganese in Marine Microbiology.ReviewAdvances in microbial physiology · 2017Hansel CMDOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2017.01.005
Inherited Disorders of Manganese Metabolism.ReviewAdvances in neurobiology · 2017Zogzas CE, Mukhopadhyay SDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_3
Manganese action in brain function.ReviewBrain research. Brain research reviews · 2003Takeda ADOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00234-5

via PubMed

~38 min read

Encyclopedic overview

35 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Physical properties
Isotopes
Allotropes
Chemical compounds
Organomanganese compounds
History
Occurrence
Oceanic environment
Soils
Production
Applications
Steel
Aluminium alloys
Batteries
Resistors
Fertilizers and feed additive
Niche
Biochemistry
Human health and nutrition
Regulation
Deficiency
Exposure
In water
Gasoline
Air
Regulation
Health and safety
Manganism
Toxicity
Neurodegenerative diseases
See also
References
Sources
External links

Manganese is also an essential human dietary element, important in macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes. It is found mostly in the bones, but also the liver, kidneys, and brain. In the human brain, manganese is bound to manganese metalloproteins, most notably glutamine synthetase in astrocytes.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “manganese” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.