arsenic

Also known as As, element 33, 33As

OverviewAI-generated

Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33. Its standard atomic weight is 74.921595. The element has an electronegativity of 2.18 and an ionic radius of 0.58. It exhibits oxidation states of -3, 1, 2, and 3. The density of arsenic is 5.73.

Arsenic melts and sublimes at 1135. It has a vapor pressure of 0. The minimal lethal dose is 338, while the median lethal dose (LD50) is 1000. Safety limits include a time-weighted average exposure limit of 0.5 and a ceiling exposure limit of 0.002. The level immediately dangerous to life or health is 5. The element was discovered or invented in 1300.

Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: As
Molecular weight: 74.92159 g/mol
IUPAC name: arsenic
SMILES: [As]
InChIKey: RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

55,617 papers

The ecology of arsenic.ReviewScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2003Oremland RS, Stolz JFDOI: 10.1126/science.1081903
Arsenic exposure in northern Mexican women.Salud publica de Mexico · 2020Gamboa-Loira B, Cebrián ME, López-Carrillo LDOI: 10.21149/11085
Is arsenic biotransformation a detoxification mechanism for microorganisms?ReviewAquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2014Rahman MA, Hassler CDOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.009
Autotrophic microbial arsenotrophy in arsenic-rich soda lakes.ReviewFEMS microbiology letters · 2017Oremland RS, Saltikov CW, Stolz JF et al.DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx146
Arsenic exposure and prevalence of human papillomavirus in the US male population.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Niemann D, Akinjobi Z, Jeon S et al.DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22306-3
Effects of arsenic exposure on DNA methylation and epigenetic gene regulation.ReviewEpigenomics · 2010Reichard JF, Puga ADOI: 10.2217/epi.09.45
Application of infrared spectroscopy and its theoretical simulation to arsenic adsorption processes.ReviewWater environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2023Ablat H, Nurmamat X, Ma X et al.DOI: 10.1002/wer.10867
Arsenic triggered nano-sized uranyl arsenate precipitation on the surface of Kocuria rosea.Journal of environmental radioactivity · 2023Zhou L, Dong F, Xi X et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107168

via PubMed

~58 min read

Encyclopedic overview

47 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Physical characteristics
Isotopes
Chemistry
Compounds
Inorganic compounds
Alloys
Organoarsenic compounds
Occurrence and production
History
Applications
Agricultural
Medical use
Alloys
Military
Other uses
Biological role
Bacteria
Potential role in higher animals
Heredity
Biomethylation
Environmental issues
Exposure
Occurrence in drinking water
San Pedro de Atacama
Hazard maps for contaminated groundwater
Redox transformation of arsenic in natural waters
Wood preservation in the US
Mapping of industrial releases in the US
Bioremediation
Arsenic removal
Toxicity and precautions
Classification
Legal limits, food, and drink
Reducing arsenic content in rice
Occupational exposure limits
Ecotoxicity
Toxicity in animals
Biological mechanism
Exposure risks and remediation
Treatment
Footnotes
See also
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links

Arsenic is a chemical element; it has the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a metalloid and one of the pnictogens, and therefore shares many properties with its group 15 neighbors phosphorus and antimony. Arsenic is notoriously toxic. It occurs naturally in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. It has various allotropes, but only the grey form, which has a metallic appearance, is important to industry.

The primary use of arsenic is in alloys of lead (for example, in car batteries and ammunition). Arsenic is also a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and a component of the III–V compound semiconductor gallium arsenide. Arsenic and its compounds, especially the trioxide, are used in the production of pesticides, treated wood products, herbicides, and insecticides. These applications are declining with the increasing recognition of the persistent toxicity of arsenic and its compounds.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “arsenic” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.