process by which humans use animal and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits
Artificial selection is the process where humans deliberately breed animals and plants to strengthen specific traits they find useful or desirable. This matters because it has shaped the crops we eat, the livestock we raise, and many of the pets we keep, making it one of the most practical ways humans have modified life around us.
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Mutation and selection A Belgian Blue cow. The defect in the breed's myostatin gene is maintained through linebreeding and is responsible for its accelerated lean muscle growth. This Chihuahua mix and Great Dane shows the wide range of dog breed sizes created using selective breeding. Selective breeding transformed teosinte's few fruitcases (left) into modern maize's rows of exposed kernels (right).
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while domesticated plants are known as varieties, cultigens, cultivars, or breeds. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids. Flowers, vegetables and fruit-trees may be bred by amateurs and commercial or non-commercial professionals: major crops are usually the provenance of the professionals.
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