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Also known as Mammalia, mammalian
A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors diverged in the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,640 extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 27 orders. The study of mammals is called mammalogy.
Mammals are vertebrate animals that produce milk to feed their young and have fur or hair, a large brain region called the neocortex, and three special bones in their middle ear—traits that set them apart from reptiles and birds. There are roughly 6,640 known species of mammals alive today, making them a diverse and important group of animals that scientists study in a field called mammalogy.
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mammals
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哺乳动物是指脊椎动物亚门下哺乳綱(学名:Mammalia)的一类用肺呼吸空气的温血脊椎动物,因能通过乳腺分泌乳汁来给幼体哺乳而得名。 按照《世界哺乳动物物种》(Mammal Species of the World)一书在2005年的资料[1],哺乳纲目前有约5676个(2008版的IUCN红皮书为5488个[2])不同物种,分布在1229个属,153个科和29个目中,约占脊索动物门的10%,地球所有物种的0.4%。啮齿目(老鼠、豪猪、海狸、水豚等)、翼手目(蝙蝠等)和鼩形目(鼩鼱等)是哺乳动物中物种最多的目[1]。 哺乳动物的身体结构复杂,有区别于其他类群的大脑结构、恒温系统和循环系统,具有为后代哺乳、大多数属于胎生、具有毛囊和汗腺等共通的外在特征。 它们外型多样,小至体长30毫米长有翅膀的凹脸蝠,大至体长33米形同鱼类的蓝鲸。它们有很好的环境适应能力,分布在从海洋到高山,从热带到极地的广泛区域。人类也是哺乳动物的一员。 除了哺乳類,有人發現蜘蛛亦能哺乳。[3] 目录 1 词源 2 特征 3 演化 3.1 历史 3.1.1 中生代 3.1.2 新生代 3.2 演化树 4 分类 5 多样性 5.1 形态 5.2 分布与特征 5.2.1 荒漠哺乳动物 5.2.2 草原哺乳动物 5.2.3 森林哺乳动物 5.2.4 极地和高山哺乳动物 5.2.5 水生哺乳动物 6 解剖 6.1 骨骼 6.1.1 四肢 6.1.2 头骨和牙齿 6.2 皮肤和毛发 6.3 运动方式 6.4 感官 7 繁殖 7.1 求偶和交配 7.2 受孕和生产 7.3 抚育后代 8 社会性 8.1 独居 8.2 群居 8.3 交流 9 取食 10 与人类的关系 10.1 利用 10.2 驯养 10.3 野化 10.4 引入和再引入 11 种群威胁和保护 12 相关列表 13 参考文献 13.1 引用 13.2 来源 14 外部链接 词源 哺乳动物因用乳腺分泌乳汁哺育后代幼体而得名。此名称由瑞典自然学者林奈创造,写作Mammalia,来自拉丁語:mamma,意为乳房[4]。 特征 正在为牛犊哺乳的母牛,哺乳行为是哺乳类动物的重要特征,也因生长特有的乳腺而得名。 哺乳动物在外在和内在上存在着一些显著的特征,将哺乳动物与其他的脊椎动物区别开来。简单来说,哺乳动物是温血动物,具备毛囊和汗腺,并能给后代哺乳。牠们有听小骨,骨骼结构有区别于其它动物的特征,并有独特的循环系统结构。 哺乳动物主要特征表 类型 特征 注解 软组织特征 温血动物 哺乳动物依靠身体内部产生热量来维持一个恒定的高体温 毛囊和汗腺 外表光滑的鲸科其实在身体的某些部位也有少量毛发 乳腺和哺乳行为 哺乳动物能通过身体的腺体产生乳汁给后代哺乳 心脏和循环系统 二心房,二心室,体循环的血液只经由左大动脉弓进行 红血球 循环系统中的红血球无核,呈圆
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A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors diverged in the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,640 extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 27 orders. The study of mammals is called mammalogy.
The largest orders of mammals, by number of species, are the rodents, bats, and eulipotyphlans (including hedgehogs, moles and shrews). The next three are the primates (including humans, monkeys and lemurs), the even-toed ungulates (including pigs, bovids and whales), and the Carnivora (including cats, dogs, and seals).
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Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).