Also known as Commonwealth of Australia, Straya, Aussieland, Oz, Stralia, New Holland, New Hollandia, Nova Hollandia
land in Oceanië
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The sixth largest country in the world by area, Australia has a relatively small (but growing) population of 25 million. A G20 member, it has high quality of life and is constantly ranked among the world's most livable countries. It is a significant player in the economic and political spheres of the Indo-Pacific region.
Australia is huge but sparsely populated over much of its area and is larger than the contiguous U.S. You can sometimes travel many hours before finding the next trace of civilization, especially once you leave the south-eastern coastal fringe.
thumb|Australia is known for having some of the most beautiful beaches in the world (Bondi Beach pictured) thumb|Surfers Paradise, located in the Gold Coast, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country, boasting some of the world's greatest beaches and located near an array of theme parks
thumb|Pitt Street Mall in Sydney is one of Australia's busiest shopping districts
Australia is largely a cashless society, as virtually all businesses accept credit cards and debit cards. For a short trip, there is no need to exchange Australian currency. Cash is still widely accepted, but cashless businesses are increasingly common.
1-2% surcharges for card payments at cafes, pubs and restaurants are common (and perfectly legal), but you will likely lose more than that on the exchange if you pay cash.
thumb|A "smashed avo" toast, a staple of Australian brunches
Australian cuisine is hard to pin down: in this nation of immigrants, restaurants claiming to offer it are few and far between, and the word tends to either evoke meat-and-three-veg British stodge or tourist-trap restaurants hawking kangaroo burgers and crocodile kebabs. Yet with amazing local produce, influences from cuisines from all over the world, and an exciting Modern Australian food scene awaiting those not afraid to experiment, there are plenty of incredible eats and drinks to be found.
Generally speaking, table manners in Australia conform to European norms.
Australië (Engels: Australia), officieel het Gemenebest van Australië (Engels: Commonwealth of Australia) is een land op het zuidelijk halfrond bestaande uit het Australische vasteland en een groot aantal eilanden in de Indische en Grote Oceaan, waarvan Tasmanië het grootste is. Australië ligt ten noordwesten van Nieuw-Zeeland en ten zuiden van Indonesië, Oost-Timor en Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea. Het land heeft een oppervlakte van 7.692.000 km² en is daarmee het op vijf na grootste land ter wereld naar oppervlakte. Van de circa 25 miljoen inwoners woont het grootste deel in en nabij de grote steden, zoals Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth en Adelaide. De hoofdstad is Canberra. De oorspronkelijke bewoners van Australië zijn de Aboriginals. Het land werd door hen al enkele tienduizenden jaren bewoond voor de immigratie uit Europea begon. Nadat Willem Jansz Australië in 1606 opmerkte, duurde het nog tot 1770 voor de oostkust gekoloniseerd werd door de Britten, die het eiland in eerste instantie als strafkolonie gebruikten. Van 1650 tot 1817 heette het hele continent Nieuw Holland, alleen de namen Arnhemland, Nieuw-Zeeland en Tasmanië herinneren nu nog aan de Nederlandse ontdekkingsreizen in dit gebied. New South Wales was in 1788 de eerste kolonie en in de 19e eeuw volgden nog vijf andere koloniën, de voorlopers van de huidige Australische staten. Op 1 januari 1901 voegden de zes koloniën zich samen tot één federatie en werd het - hoewel nog niet volledig - onafhankelijk van het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Australië ontleent zijn soevereiniteit aan het zogenoemde settled colony principle dat bepaalt dat het land vreedzaam werd gekoloniseerd. Het tegenwoordige Australië is een federale parlementaire democratie en een constitutionele monarchie met als staatshoofd koning Charles III (een Commonwealth realm), vertegenwoordigd in Australië door de Gouverneur-Generaal. Internationaal is Australië lid van de Verenigde Naties, de G20, het Gemenebest van Naties, de OESO en de WTO.
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thumb|Camping by the Yarrangobilly River, NSW Accommodation is readily available in most Australian cities and tourist destinations. As with everything else in Australia, it tends to be on the expensive side by international standards.
Travellers are generally unlikely to insult or cause offence to an Australian through any kind of cultural ignorance.
Australian modes of address tend towards the familiar. It is acceptable and normal to use first names in all situations, even to people many years your senior. Many Australians are fond of using and giving nicknames — even to recent acquaintances. It is likely being called such a name is an indication that you are considered a friend and as such it would be rare they are being condescending.
It is generally acceptable to wear revealing clothing in Australia. Bikinis and swimming attire are okay on the beach, and usually at the kiosk across the road from the beach. It is normal to wear at least a shirt and footwear before venturing any further. Most beaches are effectively top optional (topless) while sunbathing. Just about all women wear a top while walking around or in the water. There are some clothing optional (nude) beaches, usually a little further removed from residential areas. Thong bikinis (more commonly called g-string bikinis in Australia as thongs refer to flip-flop footwear) are fine on all beaches and some outdoor pools for women and men, although they are not as common as conventional beachwear. Some outdoor pools have a "top required" policy for women.
Cover up a little more when visiting places of worship such as churches. In warm conditions casual "t-shirt and shorts" style clothing predominates except in formal situations. Business attir…
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