californium
Sign in to saveCalifornium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Cf and atomic number 98. It was first synthesized in 1950 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the naked eye (after einsteinium). It was named after the university and the U.S. state of California.
AI overview
Californium is a human-made chemical element created in 1950 by scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who bombarded curium with alpha particles. It is a rare, extremely heavy element that was named after California and the university where it was discovered, and it is one of only two elements massive enough to be visible to the naked eye that scientists have managed to produce.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Research
703 papers- Californium-carbon bond captured in a complex.Nature · 2021
- Californium Cf-252 for pelvic radiotherapy.Oncology · 1978
- Production, distribution and applications of californium-252 neutron sources.Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine · 2000
- Relative Biological Effectiveness and Non-Poissonian Distribution of Dicentric Chromosome Aberrations following Californium-252 Neutron Exposures of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.Radiation research · 2021
- Californium-252-in radiotherapy: RBE-Dose Rate Relationships.The British journal of radiology · 1976
via PubMed
Article
15 sectionsContents
- Characteristics
- Physical properties
- Chemical properties and compounds
- Isotopes
- History
- Occurrence
- Production
- Applications
- Superheavy element production
- Hypothetical nuclear weapons
- Precautions
- Notes
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
Californium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Cf and atomic number 98. It was first synthesized in 1950 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the naked eye (after einsteinium). It was named after the university and the U.S. state of California.
Two crystalline forms exist at normal pressure: one above and one below . A third form exists at high pressure. Californium slowly tarnishes in air at room temperature. Californium compounds are dominated by the +3 oxidation state. The most stable of californium's twenty known isotopes is californium-251, with a half-life of 898 years. This short half-life means the element is not found in significant quantities in the Earth's crust. Cf, with a half-life of about 2.645 years, is the most common isotope used and is produced at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in the United States and Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Russia.