Cas9
Sign in to saveCas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9, formerly Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a DNA cutting enzyme that is part of the CRISPR immune system in bacteria and archaea. It has been adapted to be used as a CRISPR genome editing tool that enables targeted modification of DNA sequences and permanently changes a cell’s genome.
Key facts
- Nonhuman protein.Name
- CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas10
- Nonhuman protein.image
- Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9-DNA-RNA complex PDB 4OO8.png
- Nonhuman protein.width
- 300px
- Nonhuman protein.caption
- S. pyogenes Cas9 in complex with sgRNA and its target DNA.
- Nonhuman protein.Organism
- Streptococcus pyogenes M1
- Nonhuman protein.TaxID
- 301447
- Nonhuman protein.Symbol
- cas9
- Nonhuman protein.AltSymbols
- SpCas9
- Nonhuman protein.EntrezGene
- 901176
- Nonhuman protein.PDB
- 4OO8
- Nonhuman protein.RefSeqmRNA
- NC_002737.2
- Nonhuman protein.RefSeqProtein
- NP_269215.1
- Nonhuman protein.UniProt
- Q99ZW2
- Nonhuman protein.ECnumber
- 3.1.-.-
- Nonhuman protein.Chromosome
- Genomic
- Nonhuman protein.EntrezChromosome
- NC_002737.2
- Nonhuman protein.GenLoc_start
- 854134
- Nonhuman protein.GenLoc_end
- 859472
via Wikipedia infobox
Article
37 sectionsContents
- History
- Mechanism
- Research
- 2013
- 2014
- 2017-19
- 2020
- 2025
- CRISPR-mediated immunity
- Adaptation
- CRISPR processing
- Interference
- Transcription regulation
- Structural studies
- Challenges in bacterial editing
- Applications
- Gene editing
- Cellular defense
- Gene regulation
- CRISPR-mediated immunity
- CRISPR-Cas defense stages
- Adaptation
- CRISPR processing/biogenesis
- Interference/immunity
- Transcription deactivation using dCas9
- Structural and biochemical studies
- Crystal structure
- Interactions with sgRNA
- DNA cleavage
- Problems bacteria pose to Cas9 editing
- Applications of Cas9 to transcription tuning
- Interference of transcription by dCas9
- Transcription activation by dCas9 fusion proteins
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9, formerly Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a DNA cutting enzyme that is part of the CRISPR immune system in bacteria and archaea. It has been adapted to be used as a CRISPR genome editing tool that enables targeted modification of DNA sequences and permanently changes a cell’s genome.
The CRISPR-Cas9 system is widely used in genetic engineering, medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Cas9 introduces site-specific double-stranded breaks in DNA, enabling gene inactivation, removal, or insertion through cellular repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination. Variants of Cas9, including Cas9 nickase (Cas9n), that create single-strand breaks, and versions recognizing different PAM sequences, have been developed to address limitations in CRISPR-Cas9 editing.