Cas9
Sign in to saveAlso known as SPy_1046, CRISPR-associated protein 9, CRISPR associated protein 9, Hypothetical protein SPy_1046, C
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9, formerly Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a DNA cutting enzyme that is part of the CRISPR immune system in bacteria and archaea. It has been adapted to be used as a CRISPR genome editing tool that enables targeted modification of DNA sequences and permanently changes a cell’s genome.
Key facts
- Nonhuman protein.Name
- CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas10
- Nonhuman protein.image
- Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9-DNA-RNA complex PDB 4OO8.png
- Nonhuman protein.width
- 300px
- Nonhuman protein.caption
- S. pyogenes Cas9 in complex with sgRNA and its target DNA.
- Nonhuman protein.Organism
- Streptococcus pyogenes M1
- Nonhuman protein.TaxID
- 301447
- Nonhuman protein.Symbol
- cas9
- Nonhuman protein.AltSymbols
- SpCas9
- Nonhuman protein.EntrezGene
- 901176
- Nonhuman protein.PDB
- 4OO8
- Nonhuman protein.RefSeqmRNA
- NC_002737.2
- Nonhuman protein.RefSeqProtein
- NP_269215.1
- Nonhuman protein.UniProt
- Q99ZW2
- Nonhuman protein.ECnumber
- 3.1.-.-
- Nonhuman protein.Chromosome
- Genomic
- Nonhuman protein.EntrezChromosome
- NC_002737.2
- Nonhuman protein.GenLoc_start
- 854134
- Nonhuman protein.GenLoc_end
- 859472
via Wikipedia infobox
Protein · UniProt
CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9/Csn1
- Gene
- cas9
- Organism
- Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1
- Length
- 1,368 aa
- Molecular mass
- 158,441 Da
- Evidence
- 1: Evidence at protein level
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids) (PubMed:21455174). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). In type II CRISPR systems correct processing of pre-crRNA requires a trans-encoded small RNA (tracrRNA), endogenous ribonuclease 3 (rnc) and this protein. The tracrRNA serves…
Swiss-Prot (reviewed) · via UniProt
Research
40,289 papers- Genome modification by CRISPR/Cas9.The FEBS journal · 2014
- CRISPR/Cas9 Landscape: Current State and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
- CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer research and therapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2019
- Nanotechnology-based delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer treatment.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021
- CRISPR/Cas9 in Genome Editing and Beyond.Annual review of biochemistry · 2016
via PubMed
Wikidata facts
- Instance of
- ribonucleoprotein complex
- Image
- CRISPR-Cas9 Editing of the Genome (26453307604).jpg
Show 1 more fact
- used by
- genome editing
via Wikidata · CC0
~32 min read
Encyclopedic overview
37 sectionsContents
- History
- Mechanism
- Research
- 2013
- 2014
- 2017-19
- 2020
- 2025
- CRISPR-mediated immunity
- Adaptation
- CRISPR processing
- Interference
- Transcription regulation
- Structural studies
- Challenges in bacterial editing
- Applications
- Gene editing
- Cellular defense
- Gene regulation
- CRISPR-mediated immunity
- CRISPR-Cas defense stages
- Adaptation
- CRISPR processing/biogenesis
- Interference/immunity
- Transcription deactivation using dCas9
- Structural and biochemical studies
- Crystal structure
- Interactions with sgRNA
- DNA cleavage
- Problems bacteria pose to Cas9 editing
- Applications of Cas9 to transcription tuning
- Interference of transcription by dCas9
- Transcription activation by dCas9 fusion proteins
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9, formerly Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a DNA cutting enzyme that is part of the CRISPR immune system in bacteria and archaea. It has been adapted to be used as a CRISPR genome editing tool that enables targeted modification of DNA sequences and permanently changes a cell’s genome.
The CRISPR-Cas9 system is widely used in genetic engineering, medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Cas9 introduces site-specific double-stranded breaks in DNA, enabling gene inactivation, removal, or insertion through cellular repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination. Variants of Cas9, including Cas9 nickase (Cas9n), that create single-strand breaks, and versions recognizing different PAM sequences, have been developed to address limitations in CRISPR-Cas9 editing.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Cas9” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.