File:2009-Coyote-Yosemite.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Also known as prairie wolf, American jackal, brush wolf, Canis latrans
The coyote (Canis latrans) is a species of canine also known as the American jackal, prairie wolf, and brush wolf. It is native to North America, and it is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia but the coyote is generally larger.
The coyote is a North American canine species that is smaller than gray wolves but plays a similar ecological role to jackals in other parts of the world. It matters because it occupies an important ecological niche in North American ecosystems, similar to how golden jackals function in Eurasian environments.
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Coyote
species
郊狼(学名:Canis latrans),也叫草原狼、丛林狼、北美小狼,是犬科犬属的一种,与狼是近亲。郊狼产于北美大陆的广大地区,北起阿拉斯加、南到巴拿马。欧洲探险家最初是在美国西南部发现这种动物。郊狼一般单独猎食,偶尔也会组成小型的群体。平均寿命为6-10年。郊狼在其大小、颜色和头部形状都十分相似濒危的红狼。 其英文coyote一詞來自中美洲阿茲特克等部族所用的納瓦特爾語單詞coyōtl,后經西班牙語傳入到英語。 尽管受到广泛的捕猎,郊狼是少数在人类迁入后,种群数量扩大的大中型动物之一,这一点与浣熊类似。起初郊狼只分布在北美的西半部,但由于人类活动的影响,它们從19世紀初開始扩大分布范围;现在在加利福尼亚、俄勒冈、新英格兰和加拿大东部都十分常见。 目录 1 特征 2 行为 3 与人类的关系 4 亚种 5 参考 6 外部链接 特征 郊狼面部特写 郊狼身高一般小于0.6米,颜色从灰白到黑色都有,有时还略显红色。郊狼的耳朵和鼻子与其头部相比较长。体重为9-30公斤,平均约为14公斤。郊狼的主要特征是厚而多毛的尾部,一般拖在地面上。它的近亲狼的体型则要粗壮许多(一般为34-57公斤)。郊狼的体型偏瘦,有时即便身体健康,也可能显得消瘦。 在追逐獵物時,郊狼的奔跑速度可近每小时70公里。 有学者认为东北郊狼和鳕鱼角郊狼可能是与红狼杂交的品种(Parker 1995),但已有研究显示红狼和东北郊狼都是郊狼与灰狼的杂交后代,尤其是东北郊狼,体内的灰狼基因甚至可达89%。郊狼也可以与狼或狗杂交。 行为 森林中的郊狼 郊狼以前基本是在白天活动,但受到人类活动的压力后,现在主要在夜间出没。 郊狼的行为与其生活的环境十分相关,差别非常大。通常郊狼以群体生活,但却单独捕猎,主要以小型哺乳類动物、啮齿类动物、腐肉、昆虫为食,有时也捕杀羊和鱼。在郊狼与鹿共生的环境中,成年郊狼每年常会捕捉一只鹿仔。郊狼的食性比较杂,除了吃肉类外,有时也会吃水果、草、蔬菜等。郊狼的天敌是人類、大型的狼、熊和美洲狮。而郊狼则会袭击比它更小的犬科动物,比如狐狸、貓甚至狗。 根据所处环境的海拔不同,郊狼在一月末或二月初交配。孕期平均63天,一胎产四到六仔,四月末或五月初出生。公郊狼和母郊狼都负责抚养幼仔。三周大的幼仔就能够离开父母的照看,八到十二周时开始学习捕猎。到了秋天,郊狼幼仔便开始出外寻找自己的领地。 郊狼的声音很容易听到,但想要目击一头郊狼却没那么容易。一般在黄昏或夜晚可以听到郊狼的叫声,在春天发情季节和秋天幼仔离开父母这两个时段中最容易听到。 与人类的关系 近年来,郊狼在城市近郊捕捉宠物猫狗甚至袭击人类的例子有增加的趋势,甚至在美国加拿大边境有过袭击徒步者而导致死亡的案例,这在过去是非常罕見的。在美國西岸的城市,如洛杉磯,也有目擊到郊狼出沒的報告。不過郊狼一般对人类十分警觉,很容易受到响声的惊吓。 此
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The coyote (Canis latrans) is a species of canine also known as the American jackal, prairie wolf, and brush wolf. It is native to North America, and it is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia but the coyote is generally larger.
The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America. The species is versatile, able to adapt to and expand into environments modified by humans; urban coyotes are common in many cities. The coyote was sighted in eastern Panama (across the Panama Canal from their home range) for the first time in 2013.
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Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).