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De-Cossackization (; ) was the Bolshevik policy of systematic repression against the Cossacks in territories of the former Russian Empire between 1919 and 1933, especially the Don and Kuban Cossacks in Russia, aimed at the elimination of the Cossacks as a distinct collectivity by exterminating the Cossack élite, coercing all other Cossacks into compliance, and eliminating Cossack distinctness. Several scholars have categorised this as a form of genocide, whilst other historians have highly disputed this classification due to the contentious figures involved, which range from "a few thousand to

Key facts

Civilian attack.title: De-Cossackization
Civilian attack.partof: the Red Terror
Civilian attack.caption: Anti-Soviet poster "How the Bolsheviks manage the Cossack villages", 1918
Civilian attack.map_size: 2/10
Civilian attack.location: Don and Kuban, Russia
Civilian attack.date: 1919–1933
Civilian attack.type: Deportation, execution, ethnic cleansing
Civilian attack.fatalities: Anywhere from 10,000 to 700,000
Civilian attack.victims: At least 45,000 Cossacks deported to Ukraine, potentially up to 300,000 to 500,000 Cossacks deported and a lower amount killed overall
Civilian attack.perps: Red Army, Cheka
Civilian attack.susperps: <!-- or