europium

Also known as Eu, element 63, 63Eu

OverviewAI-generated

Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was discovered in 1901. The element has a mass of 151.964 and an electronegativity of 1.2. Its ionic radius is 1.35. The Unicode character for europium is 銪.

In chemical terms, europium is represented by the formula Eu and the canonical SMILES string [Eu]. It has a charge of 0 and a topological polar surface area of 0. The molecule has no hydrogen bond donors or acceptors. The PubChem identifier for europium is 23981.

Scientific literature regarding europium includes 6961 entries in PubMed. The subject is referenced by 875 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 23 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Eu
Molecular weight: 151.964 g/mol
IUPAC name: europium
SMILES: [Eu]
InChIKey: OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

6,961 papers

Biomedical applications of europium hydroxide nanorods.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2022Londhe S, Patra CRDOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0351
Liposome Biodistribution via Europium Complexes.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Mignet N, Scherman DDOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2954-3_25
Labeling Antibodies Using Europium.Cold Spring Harbor protocols · 2020Berg EA, Fishman JBDOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot099325
Divalent europium nanocrystals: controllable synthesis, properties, and applications.ReviewChemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2012Wang C, Xu L, Li X et al.DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200163
Europium (III)-modified sunflower-derived carbon dots for fluorescent anti-counterfeiting inks and photocatalysis.Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence · 2024Chu K, Wang C, Cui XDOI: 10.1002/bio.4872
Multidimensional genome-wide screening in yeast provides mechanistic insights into europium toxicity.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2021Pallares RM, An DD, Hébert S et al.DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab061
Biocompatible, Europium-Doped Fluorapatite Nanoparticles as a Wide-Range pH Sensor.Journal of fluorescence · 2024Krishnapriya TK, Deepti A, Chakrapani PSB et al.DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03461-3
Europium chelate labels in time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays and DNA hybridization assays.ReviewAnalytical chemistry · 1990Diamandis EP, Christopoulos TKDOI: 10.1021/ac00221a001

via PubMed

~16 min read

Encyclopedic overview

16 sections

Contents

Etymology
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Eu(II) vs. Eu(III)
Compounds
Halides
Chalcogenides and pnictides
Isotopes
Europium as a nuclear fission product
Occurrence
Production
History
Applications
Precautions
References
External links

Europium is a chemical element; it has symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It is a silvery-white metal of the lanthanide series that reacts readily with air to form a dark oxide coating. Europium is the most chemically reactive, least dense, and softest of the lanthanides. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Europium was discovered in 1896, provisionally designated as Σ; in 1901, it was named after the continent of Europe. Europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, like other members of the lanthanide series, but compounds having oxidation state +2 are also common. All europium compounds with oxidation state +2 are slightly reducing. Europium has no significant biological role but is relatively non-toxic compared to other heavy metals. Most applications of europium exploit the phosphorescence of europium compounds. Europium is one of the rarest of the rare-earth elements on Earth.

==Etymology== Its discoverer, Eugène-Anatole Demarçay, named the element after the continent of Europe.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “europium” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.