File:Edvard_Munch,_1893,_The_Scream,_oil,_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard,_91_x_73_cm,_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

EntityQ80113· pop 91· linked from 3,637 articles

expresionismo

movimiento artístico

AI overview

Expressionism is a modernist movement that started in Northern Europe around 1900, primarily in poetry and painting, where artists deliberately distort reality from their personal perspective to create powerful emotional effects. Rather than trying to show the world as it actually looks, Expressionist artists aim to convey the inner feelings and meanings of emotional experience.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Art movement.name: Expressionism
Art movement.image: Edvard Munch, 1893, The Scream, oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard, 91 x 73 cm, National Gallery of Norway.jpg
Art movement.caption: Edvard Munch, The Scream, 1893, oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard, 91 × 73 cm, National Gallery of Norway, inspired 20th-century expressionists.
Art movement.yearsactive: The years before WWI and the interwar years
Art movement.country: Predominantly Germany
Art movement.influenced: American Figurative Expressionism, generally, and Boston Expressionism, in particular
Art movement.majorfigures: Artists loosely categorized within such groups as Die Brücke, Der Blaue Reiter; the Berlin Secession, the School of Paris and the Dresden Secession
Art movement.commons: yes

via Wikipedia infobox

Described at

5.6: Expressionism (1912-1935) - Humanities LibreTexts

human.libretexts.org →

At the beginning of the new 20th century, artists in Europe were dissatisfied with the academic standards and style of the art community. They began experimenting with new ideas for the modern world and expanding cities. As part of the European transformations, Expressionism was born in Germany; art charged with emotions and subject matter found in the urban settings. The director of a German museum stated, "The German artist looks not for harmony of outward appearance but much more for the mystery hidden behind the external form. He or she is interested in the soul of things and wants to lay this bare."[[1]]( As part of a pre-World War II change, Expressionism included art, literature, theatre, and music, fueled by young people from Germany and Russia pushing for change in the social and political structures. The movement started at the turn of the century. It continued until the 1930s when the National Socialists (Nazis) grew in power, a government rejecting Expressionism in all forms and condemned it as 'degenerate.' The Post-Impressionists influenced the Expressionists, using bold colors and unusual forms to create expressive, exaggerated images. Instead of duplicating realistic images, the artists wanted to express inner feelings and used simple shapes and broad brushstrokes to illustrate their emotional ideas. Two different groups were dominant in the movement, Die Brucke (the bridge), led by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, and Der Blaue Reiter (the blue rider), started by Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc. The new art styles of Expressionism flourished were displayed in museums and were purchased by collectors. In 1933, after Adolf Hitler was named to head the government, the Nazis started dismantling the artwork and removed 20,000 artworks from the museums owned by the state. "In 1937, 740 modern works were exhibited in the defamatory show Degenerate Art in Munich to 'educate' the public on the 'art of decay.'"[[2]]( The pictures in the exhibit were hung overlapping or askew, and graffiti was written on the walls with crude sayings. The work was defined as blasphemous, art defaming women or art from Jewish or communist artists. The exhibition encouraged the people to see the art as a plot against Germany. Many of the works were subsequently destroyed, sold to make money for the government, or hidden and discovered at a much later date. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938), born in Germany, studied architecture and fine art at one of the experimental art schools. He belonged to the Die Brucke (The Bridge), a group of artists who brought Post-Impressionists and Art Nouveau exhibitions to Germany. The group also started Expressionism at the beginning of the 20th century wanting to pursue nontraditional methods bridging the centuries. With the advent of World War I, he was drafted into the army, then discharged because of a breakdown, and spent time in hospitals. After the war, he went to Berlin, staying in his room, painting; others' images displayed his mental instability. He moved to Switzerland and continued to move in and out of sanitoriums, painting and making woodcuts. By 1920, he improved, and moved to back to Germany with his companion and model. His art was successful until the Nazi party rose to party in Germany, destroyed art, and shut down museums. Kirchner used bold colors and angles, capturing modern city life as viewed in Street, Berlin (5.6.1). The local prostitutes walk down the street, talking, the men looking down, unhappy expressions. When Kirchner formed the bodies, he gave them unusual angles and forms. The dark colors are illuminated by the reflective light of the women's white accessories. The painting was one of a series he made about prostitutes. Paula Modersohn-Becker (1876-1907), born in Germany, is considered one of the essential artists of early Expressionism in Germany. Her artistic ability was recognized when she was younger, and she trained with private instructors before going to Paris multiple

Excerpt from a page describing this subject · 37,849 chars · not written by Vinony

Wikidata facts

Show 3 more facts

Commons category: Expressionism
start time: 1900-00-00
described at URL: human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Art/A_World_Perspective_of_Art_History%3A_1400CE_to_the_21st_Century_(Gustlin_and_Gustlin)/05%3A_A_World_in_Turmoil_(1900-1940)/5.06%3A_Expressionism_(1912-1935)

Sources (5)

via Wikidata · CC0

Article · Español

El expresionismo fue un movimiento cultural surgido en Alemania a principios del siglo XX, que se plasmó en un gran número de campos: artes plásticas, arquitectura, literatura, música, cine, teatro, danza, fotografía, etc. Su primera manifestación fue en el terreno de la pintura, coincidiendo en el tiempo con la aparición del fauvismo francés, hecho que convirtió a ambos movimientos artísticos en los primeros exponentes de las llamadas «vanguardias históricas». Más que un estilo con características propias comunes, fue un movimiento heterogéneo, una actitud y una forma de entender el arte que aglutinó a artistas de tendencias muy diversas, así como de diferente formación y nivel intelectual. Surgido como reacción al impresionismo, frente al naturalismo y el carácter positivista de este movimiento de finales del siglo XIX, los expresionistas defendían un arte más personal e intuitivo, donde predominase la visión interior del artista —la «expresión»— frente a la plasmación de la realidad —la «impresión»—. El expresionismo suele ser entendido como la deformación de la realidad para expresar de forma más subjetiva la naturaleza y el ser humano, dando primacía a la expresión de los sentimientos más que a la descripción objetiva de la realidad. Entendido de esta forma, el expresionismo es extrapolable a cualquier época y espacio geográfico. Así, a menudo se ha calificado de expresionista la obra de diversos autores como Matthias Grünewald, Pieter Brueghel el Viejo, El Greco o Francisco de Goya. Algunos historiadores, para distinguirlo, escriben «expresionismo» –en minúsculas– como término genérico y «Expresionismo» –en mayúsculas– para el movimiento alemán. Con sus colores violentos y su temática de soledad y de miseria, el expresionismo reflejó la amargura que invadió a los círculos artísticos e intelectuales de la Alemania prebélica, así como de la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918) y del período de entreguerras (1918-1939). Esa amargura provocó un deseo vehemente de cambiar la vida, de buscar nuevas dimensiones a la imaginación y de renovar los lenguajes artísticos. El expresionismo defendía la libertad individual, la primacía de la expresión subjetiva, el irracionalismo, el apasionamiento y los temas prohibidos –lo morboso, demoníaco, sexual, fantástico o pervertido–. Intentó reflejar una visión subjetiva, una deformación emocional de la realidad, a través del carácter expresivo de los medios plásticos, que cobraron una significación metafísica, abriendo los sentidos al mundo interior. Entendido como una genuina expresión del alma alemana, su carácter existencialista, su anhelo metafísico y la visión trágica del ser humano en el mundo le hicieron reflejo de una concepción existencial liberada al mundo del espíritu y a la preocupación por la vida y la muerte, concepción que se suele calificar de "nórdica" por asociarse al temperamento que tópicamente se identifica con el estereotipo de los países del norte de Europa. Fiel reflejo de las circunstancias históricas en que se desarrolló, el expresionismo reveló el lado pesimista de la vida, la angustia existencial del individuo, que en la sociedad moderna, industrializada, se ve alienado, aislado. Así, mediante la distorsión de la realidad pretendían impactar al espectador, llegar a su lado más emotivo e interior. El expresionismo no fue un movimiento homogéneo, sino de gran diversidad estilística: hay un expresionismo modernista (Munch), fauvista (Rouault), cubista y futurista (Die Brücke), surrealista (Klee), abstracto (Kandinski), etc. Aunque su mayor centro de difusión se dio en Alemania, también se percibe en otros artistas europeos (Modigliani, Chagall, Soutine, Permeke) y americanos (Orozco, Rivera, Siqueiros, Portinari). En Alemania se organizó principalmente en torno a dos grupos: Die Brücke (fundado en 1905), y Der Blaue Reiter (fundado en 1911), aunque hubo algunos artistas no adscritos a ningún grupo. Después de la Primera Guerra Mundial apareció la llamada Nueva Objetividad, que si bien surgió como rechazo al individualismo expresionista defendiendo un carácter más social del arte, su distorsión formal y su colorido intenso les hacen herederos directos de la primera generación expresionista.

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA