Also known as Italian Republic, Republic of Italy, Italia
دولة في جنوب غرب أوروبا
Italy is a Southern and Western European country consisting of a large peninsula extending into the Mediterranean Sea, the Alps to its north, and nearly 800 islands including Sicily and Sardinia. As the third-most populous member state of the European Union with nearly 59 million inhabitants, Italy is a significant European nation that shares borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia.
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Italy, officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica italiana), is largely a peninsula situated on the Mediterranean Sea, bordering France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia in the north. The boot-shaped country is surrounded by the Ligurian Sea, the Sardinian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west, the Sicilian and Ionian Sea in the South, and Adriatic Sea in the East. Italian is the official language spoken by the majority of the population, but as you travel throughout the country, you will find there are distinct Italian dialects corresponding to the region you are in. Italy has a diverse landscape, but it is primarily mountainous, with the Alps and the Apennines. Italy has two major islands: Sardinia, off the west coast of Italy, and Sicily, just off the southern tip (the "toe") of the boot. Italy has a population of around 60 million. The capital is Rome.
thumb|250px|right|Pisa (the Piazza dei Miracoli, with the cathedral and the leaning tower) thumb|250px|right|Naples (a view over the city, showing Vesuvius) thumb|250px|right|Venice (the grand canal)
In addition, citizens of San Marino may enter and reside in Italy indefinitely without a visa.
Foreign military entering Italy under a Status of Forces Agreement do not require a passport and need only show their valid military identification card and travel orders. Their dependents, however, are not exempt from visa requirements.
All non-EU, EEA or Swiss citizens staying in Italy for 90 days or less have to declare their presence in Italy within 8 days of arrival. If your passport was stamped on arrival in Italy, the stamp counts as such a declaration. Generally, a copy of your hotel registration will suffice if you are staying at a hotel. Otherwise, however, you will have to go to a police office to complete the form (dichiarazione di presenza). Failing to do so may result in expulsion. Travellers staying longer than 90 days do not need to complete this declaration, but must instead have an appropriate visa and must obtain a residence permit (permesso di soggiorno).
thumb|250px|right|Bologna (the red terracotta roofs and brick towers of the city's skyline)
thumb|250px|right|Milan (the Piazza del Duomo, with the city's stunning medieval cathedral)
There is so much to see in Italy that it is difficult to know where to begin. Virtually every village has some sights.
إيطاليا ورسميًا الجمهوريّة الإيطاليّة (بالإيطالية: Repubblica Italiana) هي دولة تقع جزئيًا في جنوب أوروبا في شبه الجزيرة الإيطالية وأيضًا على أكبر جزيرتين في البحر الأبيض المتوسط: صقلية وسردينيا. تشترك إيطاليا في الحدود الشمالية الألبية مع فرنسا وسويسرا والنمسا وسلوفينيا. بينما يوجد داخل الأراضي الإيطالية دولتان مستقلتان هما مكتنفا سان مارينو ومدينة الفاتيكان، كما يوجد مكتنف كامبيوني ديتاليا في سويسرا. تغطي الأراضي الإيطالية مساحة 301,338 كم2 وتتأثر بمناخ موسمي معتدل. يسكن البلاد 60,483,973 مليون نسمة وهي سادس دولة من حيث عدد السكان في أوروبا، وتحل في المرتبة 23 بين الدول الأكثر سكانًا في العالم. كانت الأراضي المعروفة اليوم باسم إيطاليا مهد الثقافات والشعوب الأوروبية مثل الإتروسكان والرومان. كما كانت العاصمة الإيطالية روما لقرون عديدة المركز السياسي للحضارة الغربية باعتبارها عاصمة للإمبراطورية الرومانية. بعد تراجع الإمبراطورية تعرضت إيطاليا لغزوات من قبل شعوب أجنبية من القبائل الجرمانية مثل القوط الشرقيين واللومبارديين وشعب النورمان في وقت لاحق والبيزنطيين وغيرها. وبعد عدة قرون أصبحت إيطاليا مهد النهضة التي كانت حركة فكرية مثمرة جدًا أثبتت قدرتها على تشكيل مسار الفكر الأوروبي لاحقًا. خلال أغلب تاريخ البلاد ما بعد الحقبة الرومانية، كانت إيطاليا مجزأة إلى العديد من الممالك ودول المدن (مثل مملكة سردينيا ومملكة الصقليتين ودوقية ميلانو)، ولكن البلاد توحدت في عام 1861 بعد فترة مضطربة في تاريخها تعرف باسم «إعادة الولادة». من أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وخلال الحرب العالمية الأولى حتى الحرب العالمية الثانية تحولت إيطاليا إلى إمبراطورية استعمارية حيث امتد حكمها إلى ليبيا وإريتريا وقسم من الصومال وإثيوبيا وألبانيا ورودوس ودوديكانيسيا، وحصلت على امتياز في تيانجين في الصين. إيطاليا الحديثة جمهورية ديمقراطية. تصنف في المرتبة 18 عالميًا من بين الدول الأكثر تقدمًا، كما صنفت حيث يحتل معدل جودة الحياة فيها إحدى المراكز العشرة الأولى في العالم. تتمتع إيطاليا بمستوى معيشة عال جدًا، وهي ذات ناتج محلي إجمالي اسمي عال للفرد. إيطاليا دولة عضو مؤسس في ما يعرف الآن بالاتحاد الأوروبي ومنظمة حلف شمال الأطلسي. كما أنها عضو في مجموعة الثمانية ومجموعة العشرين. الناتج المحلي الإجمالي الاسمي للبلاد هو السابع عالميًا بينما يحل الناتج المحلي الإجمالي (تعادل القوة الشرائية) في المرتبة العاشرة. كما تمتلك خامس أكبر ميزانية حكومية في العالم. هي أيضًا دولة عضو في منظمة التعاون والتنمية الاقتصادية ومنظمة التجارة العالمية ومجلس أوروبا واتحاد أوروبا الغربية. ميزانية الدفاع الإيطالية هي التاسعة عالميًا كما تساهم في خطة المشاركة النووية التابعة للناتو. تلعب إيطاليا دورًا عسكريًا وثقافيًا ودبلوماسيًا بارزًا في أوروبا والعالم، كما تساهم في منظمات عالمية مثل منظمة الأغذية والزراعة وبرنامج الأغذية العالمي والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية ومنتدى غلوكال وكلية دفاع الناتو التي تقع مقراتها في روما. نفوذ البلاد السياسي والاجتماعي والاقتصادي على الساحة الأوروبية جعلها قوة إقليمية كبرى جنبًا إلى جانب المملكة المتحدة وفرنسا وألمانيا وروسيا، كما صنفت إيطاليا في دراسة حول قياس السلطة في المرتبة الحادية عشرة عالميًا. مستوى التعليم العام في البلاد مرتفع والقوة العاملة وفيرة وهي أمة معولمة كما تمتلك سادس أفضل شهرة عالمية عام 2009 وتحل في المرتبة التاسعة عشر من حيث متوسط الأعمار المتوقع. كان نظام الرعاية الصحية يحتل المرتبة الثانية في العالم، خلال عام 2000، وفقًا لتقرير منظمة الصحة العالمية. كانت إيطاليا خامس دولة من حيث عدد الزوار في عام 2007، مع ما يزيد على 43.7 مليون زائر دولي. تزخر البلاد بتقاليد عريقة في مجال الفنون والعلوم والتكنولوجيا بما في ذلك أكبر عدد لمواقع التراث العالمي على قائمة اليونسكو (44).
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Etruscan Italy. If you have limited time and no potential to travel outside the main cities, then don't miss the amazing collection at the Etruscan Museum at Villa Giulia in Rome. Hiring a car gives access to the painted tombs and museum of Tarquinia or the enormous burial complex at Cerveteri and those are just the sites within easy reach of Rome.thumb|right|250px|Roman bikinis. Mosaic from the Villa Romana at [[Piazza Armerina, Sicily.]] The Greek influence. Well-preserved Greek temples at Agrigento in the south-west of Sicily and at Paestum, just south of Naples, give a good understanding of the extent of Greek influence on Italy. Roman ruins. From the south, in Sicily, to the north of the country, Italy is full of reminders of the Roman empire. In Taormina, Sicily check out the Roman theatre, with excellent views of Mt. Etna on a clear day. Also in Sicily, don't miss the well-preserved mosaics at Piazza Armerina. Moving north to just south of Naples, Pompeii and Herculaneum were covered in lava by Mt. Vesuvius and, as a result, are well preserved. To Rome and every street in the centre seems to have a few pieces of inscribed Roman stone built into more recent buildings. Don't miss the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, the Aqueducts, the Appian Way, and a dozen or so museums devoted to Roman ruins. Further north, the Roman amphitheatre at Verona is definitely n…
thumb|250px|right|Trofie with pesto alla Genovese. thumb|250px|right|Beef with sauce and red wine in Bologna
As one of the world's most renowned culinary traditions, it is unsurprising that Italian cuisine can be very good. Unfortunately, there are also many tourist traps that serve overpriced and mediocre food. Finding the right place to eat, preferably the ones patronised by Italians, is therefore important; ask locals for their recommendations if possible, or perhaps even ask your hotel or look at online review sites for recommendations. The downside is that it is rare to find English-speaking waiters in the non-tourist-trap restaurants, so be prepared to have to speak some Italian. Restaurants often charge a cover fee called Coperto (usually €1–3 per person), which is separate from tipping. Inside a restaurant, you are expected to buy both food and a drink; asking for free tap water, after still and sparkling bottled water has been offered, is not considered polite.
Keep in mind that many touristy locations might have bloated prices: an espresso, for instance, in Italy as of September 2025 costs between €1 in southern regions and €1.50 in northern regions; in piazza del Duomo in Milan or piazza San Marco in Venice that same coffee is €3. Amalfi, while it is located in the South, has high prices.
Meals can be had for €5, in street food shops or panetterie (bakeries, depending on where you are they might have some delicious meals for very cheap, think of focaccia in Ligu…
Bars, like restaurants, are non-smoking.
Italians enjoy going out during the evenings, so it's common to have a drink in a bar before dinner. It is called Aperitivo.
Within the last couple years, started by Milan, a lot of bars have started offering fixed-price cocktails at aperitivo hours (18 - 21) with a free, and often a very good, buffet meal. It's now widely considered stylish to have this kind of aperitivo (called Happy Hour) instead of a structured meal before going out to dance or whatever.
In major cities and tourist areas, you can find a good variety of accommodations, from world-class brand hotels to family-managed bed & breakfasts and room rentals, but hostels are really few.
Camping is a good way to save money and camping sites are usually well-managed, but especially during summer, managers tend not to accept last-minute groups of young people (given the high chance of problems that such groups of Italian guys tend to cause), so you'd better book in advance. Farmstays are an increasingly popular way to experience Italy, particularly in rural areas of Tuscany, Piedmont, Umbria, Abruzzo, Sardinia and Apulia. They provide a great combination of good and healthy food, wonderful sights and not-so-expensive prices. If you prefer self-catering accommodations, it's quite simple to find them on the wonderful Amalfi Coast or the less commercial and more genuine Calabria coast. An Italian specialty in small villages are scattered hotels for those who love participating in local lifestyle it is a balance between a hotel and a house.
Hotel star ratings can only be taken as a broad indication of what you will get for your money. There are many marvellous 2-star hotels that you will want to return to and many 5-star hotels that you will never want to set foot in again. The star rating, as in all countries, is based on a bureaucratic assessment of the facilities provided and does not necessarily relate to comfort. Often the only difference between a 3-star and 4-star h…
thumb|250px|right|Mounted Carabinieri in Milan. For emergencies, call 113 (Polizia di Stato - State Police), 112 (Carabinieri - Gendarmerie), 117 (Guardia di Finanza - Financial police force), 115 (Fire Department), 118 (Medical Rescue), 1515 (State Forestry Department), 1530 (Coast Guard), 1528 (Traffic reports).
If you're not sure which number to call, you can call 112 and explain the emergency. The operator will forward your call directly to the relevant department.
Alternatively, you can download the WhereAreU App through which you can call 112 (even if you can't talk) and they will know your exact position through your phone's GPS.
Italy is a safe country to travel in like most developed countries. There are few incidents of terrorism/serious violence and these episodes have been almost exclusively motivated by internal politics. Almost every major incident is attributed to organised crime or anarchist movements and rarely, if ever, directed at travellers or foreigners.
thumb|250px|Careggi hospital in Florence. Italian hospitals are public and offer completely free high-standard treatment for travellers in possession of an EHIC (EU/EEA citizens) or GHIC (UK citizens). As in other countries with universal healthcare, you may have to wait some hours to be treated unless you're in a serious condition. Emergency rooms are called "Pronto Soccorso". Emergency assistance is granted even to non-EU travellers. For non-emergency assistance, non-EHIC/GHIC-holders are required to pay out-of-pocket, there is no convention with US health insurances (although some insurance companies might later reimburse these expenses).
Italy has a four-colour code of urgency, red being the most immediate (assistance is given without any delay) and white being the lowest (anyone with a red, yellow and green code will pass before you). With a white code, meaning the treatment is not urgent and does not necessitate emergency personnel, you are also required to pay for the full consultation, so do not go to the Pronto Soccorso just to check your knee after last year's fall.
Italy has a reputation for being a welcoming country and Italians are friendly and courteous, as well as very used to small talk and interacting with foreigners.
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