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A logarithm is a mathematical function that answers the question "what power do I need to raise a base number to in order to get another number?" — for example, the logarithm of 100 to base 10 is 2, because 10 raised to the power of 2 equals 100. Logarithms are useful in science, engineering, and everyday applications because they help simplify calculations involving very large or very small numbers and appear naturally in many real-world phenomena.

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