File:Melanoma.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
melanoma
Sign in to saveAlso known as malignant melanoma, naevocarcinom, naevocarcinoma
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Key facts
- Medical condition.name
- Melanoma
- Medical condition.synonyms
- Malignant melanoma
- Medical condition.image
- Melanoma.jpg
- Medical condition.alt
- A back irregular Tumor by
- Medical condition.field
- Oncology and dermatology
- Medical condition.symptoms
- Mole that is increasing in size, has irregular edges, change in color, itchiness, or skin breakdown.
- Medical condition.causes
- Ultraviolet light (Sun, tanning devices)
- Medical condition.risks
- Family history, many moles, poor immune function
- Medical condition.diagnosis
- Tissue biopsy
- Medical condition.differential
- Seborrheic keratosis, lentigo, blue nevus, dermatofibroma
- Medical condition.prevention
- Sunscreen, avoiding UV light
- Medical condition.treatment
- Surgery
- Medical condition.prognosis
- Five-year survival rates 100% (localized), 35% (disseminated) in the US (2015–2021)
- Medical condition.frequency
- 3.1 million (2015)
- Medical condition.deaths
- 59,800 (2015)
via Wikipedia infobox
Research
182,708 papers- Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.ReviewItalian journal of dermatology and venereology · 2021Bobos MDOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3
- The 2018 World Health Organization Classification of Cutaneous, Mucosal, and Uveal Melanoma: Detailed Analysis of 9 Distinct Subtypes Defined by Their Evolutionary Pathway.ReviewArchives of pathology & laboratory medicine · 2020Elder DE, Bastian BC, Cree IA et al.DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0561-RA
- Immunotherapy in Acral and Mucosal Melanoma: Current Status and Future Directions.ReviewFrontiers in immunology · 2021Mao L, Qi Z, Zhang L et al.DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680407
- Global trends in melanoma burden: A comprehensive analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2021.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025Sun Y, Shen Y, Liu Q et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.09.035
- Braf(V600E) cooperates with Pten loss to induce metastatic melanoma.Nature genetics · 2009Dankort D, Curley DP, Cartlidge RA et al.DOI: 10.1038/ng.356
- Melanoma in Special Populations: Pediatrics, Elders, Pregnant Women.ReviewThe Surgical clinics of North America · 2025Dedeilia A, Braun T, Boland GMDOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.12.003
- Decoding melanoma's cellular mosaic to unlock immunotherapy potential.ReviewTrends in cell biology · 2025Pozniak J, Marine JCDOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2025.01.009
- Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma.ReviewDermatologic clinics · 2025DeBusk L, Rosenberg A, Burshtein J et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2025.03.013
via PubMed
~62 min read
Encyclopedic overview
43 sectionsContents
- Signs and symptoms
- Cause
- UV radiation
- Genetics
- Pathophysiology
- Gene mutations
- Metastasis
- Diagnosis
- Ugly duckling
- Biopsy
- Histopathologic types
- In situ or invasive
- Staging
- Laboratory
- Prevention
- Ultraviolet radiation
- Sunscreen
- Medications
- Treatment
- Surgery
- Add on treatment
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Lentigo maligna
- Radiation
- Prognosis
- Epidemiology
- Australia
- United States
- History
- Terminology
- Research
- Targeted therapies
- BRAF inhibitors
- Ipilimumab
- Surveillance methods
- Oncolytic virotherapy
- Antivirals
- MicroRNAs
- Notes
- References
- External links
Melanoma is a type of cancer, typically skin cancer; it develops from the melanin-producing cells known as melanocytes. It typically occurs in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye (uveal melanoma). In very rare cases melanoma can also happen in the lung, which is known as primary pulmonary melanoma and only happens in 0.01% of primary lung tumors.
In females, melanomas most commonly occur on the legs; while in men, on the back. Melanoma is frequently referred to as malignant melanoma. However, the medical community stresses that there is no such thing as a 'benign melanoma' and recommends that the term 'malignant melanoma' should be avoided as it is redundant.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “melanoma” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.
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