muscimol
Sign in to saveMuscimol, also known as agarin, pantherine, or pyroibotenic acid, is a GABAA receptor agonist with sedative and hallucinogenic effects and the principal psychoactive constituent of Amanita mushrooms such as Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) and Amanita pantherina (panther cap). It is a 3-hydroxyisoxazole alkaloid and is closely related structurally to the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The compound is widely used as a ligand and agonist of the GABAA receptor in scientific research. Muscimol is typically taken orally, but may also be smoked. Peak effects occur after 1 to 3hours orally
Key facts
- Drug.Verifiedfields
- verified
- Drug.Watchedfields
- verified
- Drug.verifiedrevid
- 410573320
- Drug.image
- Muscimol chemical structure.svg
- Drug.image_class
- skin-invert-image
- Drug.width
- 200px
- Drug.image2
- Muscimol structure ball and stick.png
- Drug.image_class2
- bg-transparent
- Drug.width2
- 185px
- Drug.routes_of_administration
- Oral, smoking
- Drug.class
- GABAA receptor agonist; Sedative; Hypnotic; Hallucinogen
- Drug.ATC_prefix
- None
- Drug.legal_AU
- S9
- Drug.legal_status
- SE: Under investigation Uncontrolled, in general
- Drug.bioavailability
- Unknown
- Drug.protein_bound
- Unknown
- Drug.metabolism
- Transamination (via GABA-T)
- Drug.onset
- 0.5–2 hours (peak 1–3 hours)
via Wikipedia infobox
Article
27 sectionsContents
- Natural occurrence
- Use and effects
- Toxicity and overdose
- Interactions
- Pharmacology
- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Elimination
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Isolation
- Synthesis
- Analogues
- History
- Society and culture
- Legal status
- Australia
- Poland
- United States
- Research
- See also
- References
- External links
Muscimol, also known as agarin, pantherine, or pyroibotenic acid, is a GABAA receptor agonist with sedative and hallucinogenic effects and the principal psychoactive constituent of Amanita mushrooms such as Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) and Amanita pantherina (panther cap). It is a 3-hydroxyisoxazole alkaloid and is closely related structurally to the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The compound is widely used as a ligand and agonist of the GABAA receptor in scientific research. Muscimol is typically taken orally, but may also be smoked. Peak effects occur after 1 to 3hours orally and its duration is 4 to 8hours but up to 24hours.
The effects of muscimol in humans include central depression, sedation, sleep, cognitive and motor impairment, hallucinations, perceptual distortion, and muscle twitching, among others. Muscimol acts as a potent GABAA receptor full agonist. It is also a potent GABAA-ρ receptor partial agonist and a weak GABA reuptake inhibitor. The drug is inactive at the GABAB receptor but is a substrate of GABA transaminase (GABA-T). Muscimol mostly exerts its effects via GABAA receptor activation. It is very different from drugs like benzodiazepines and barbiturates as it is an orthosteric agonist of the GABAA receptor rather than an allosteric modulator. Unlike GABA, muscimol crosses the blood–brain barrier and hence is centrally active. Muscimol, which is also known chemically as 5-aminomethylisoxazol-3-ol, is a conformationally restrained analogue of GABA. The related compound and Amanita spp. constituent ibotenic acid is a prodrug of muscimol.