Skip to content
octonion
EntityQ743418· pop 36· linked from 171 articles

Also known as Cayley number, octave, octonions, Cayley numbers, octaves

In mathematics, the octonions are a normed division algebra over the real numbers, a kind of hypercomplex number system. The octonions are usually represented by the capital letter O, using boldface or blackboard bold \mathbb O. Octonions have eight dimensions; twice the number of dimensions of the quaternions, of which they are an extension. They are noncommutative and nonassociative, but satisfy a weaker form of associativity; namely, they are alternative. They are also power associative.

Key facts

Number system.official_name
Octonions
Number system.symbol
\mathbb O
Number system.type
Hypercomplex algebra
Number system.units
e0, ..., e7
Number system.identity
e0
Number system.hide_common
true

via Wikipedia infobox

Wikidata facts

Has part
quaternion
Followed by
sedenion
Follows
quaternion
Image
Octonionstar123.png
Show 6 more facts
maintained by WikiProject
WikiProject Mathematics
topic's main category
Category:Octonions
time of discovery or invention
1843-00-00
Commons category
Octonions
discoverer or inventor
John T. Graves
Sources (2)

via Wikidata · CC0

~20 min read

Encyclopedic overview

20 sections
Contents
  • History
  • Definition
  • Cayley–Dickson construction
  • Arithmetic and operations
  • Addition and subtraction
  • Multiplication
  • Fano plane mnemonic
  • Conjugate, norm, and inverse
  • Exponentiation and polar form
  • Properties
  • Commutator and cross product
  • Automorphisms
  • Isotopies
  • Matrix representation
  • Applications
  • Integral octonions
  • See also
  • Notes
  • References
  • External links

In mathematics, the octonions are a normed division algebra over the real numbers, a kind of hypercomplex number system. The octonions are usually represented by the capital letter O, using boldface or blackboard bold \mathbb O. Octonions have eight dimensions; twice the number of dimensions of the quaternions, of which they are an extension. They are noncommutative and nonassociative, but satisfy a weaker form of associativity; namely, they are alternative. They are also power associative.

Octonions are not as well known as the quaternions and complex numbers, which are much more widely studied and used. Octonions are related to exceptional structures in mathematics, among them the exceptional Lie groups. Octonions have applications in fields such as string theory, special relativity and quantum logic. Applying the Cayley–Dickson construction to the octonions produces the sedenions.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “octonion” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

Gallery (4)