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Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam, distinguished by its belief that the Prophet Muhammad explicitly chose his cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib as his rightful spiritual and political leader, rather than Abu Bakr whom other Muslims selected. Shia Muslims view this succession dispute as a fundamental matter of religious legitimacy, maintaining that Ali's divinely guided leadership was unjustly bypassed at a historical meeting called Saqifa.

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