optical aberration
Top: an idealized lens: all incoming rays are focused in the focal point.Bottom: a real lens with spherical surfaces. The rays do not all meet at the focal point due to spherical aberration.(Drawing is exaggerated.) Spherical aberration of collimated light incident on a concave spherical mirror
In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly affects lenses and curved mirrors, as these components are often shaped in a spherical manner for ease of manufacturing. Light rays that strike a spherical surface off-centre are refracted or reflected more or less than those that strike close to the centre. This deviation reduces the quality of images produced by optical systems. The effect of spherical aberration was first identified in the 11th century by Ibn al-Haytham who discussed it in his work Kitāb al-Manāẓir.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).