Sumatran rhinoceros
Also known as Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Didermocerus sumatrensis, hairy rhino, hairy rhinoceros, Asiatic two-horned rhinoceros, Two-horned Asiatic rhinoceros, Sumatran rhino
species of mammal
AI overview
The Sumatran rhinoceros is a species of mammal found in Southeast Asia that is one of the world's rarest and most endangered animals. Its survival matters because losing this species would represent an irreplaceable loss of biodiversity and the extinction of a unique evolutionary lineage that has existed for millions of years.
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Species
Maximum longevity: 32.8 years (captivity) Observations: Though age at sexual maturity is unknown, these animals probably do not reproduce before being 7 years old (Ronald Nowak 1999). In the wild, it is estimated that they live up to 35 years (Bernhard Grzimek 1990), but their record longevity in captivity is 32.8 years (Richard Weigl 2005).
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The Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), also known as the Sumatran rhino, hairy rhinoceros or Asian two-horned rhinoceros, is a rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant species of rhinoceros; it is the only extant species of the genus Dicerorhinus. It is the smallest rhinoceros, although it is still a large mammal; it stands 112–145 cm (44–57 in) high at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length of 2.36–3.18 m (7 ft 9 in – 10 ft 5 in) and a tail of 35–70 cm (14–28 in). The weight is reported to range from 500–1,000 kg (1,100–2,200 lb), averaging 700–800 kg (1,540–1,760 lb). Like both African species, it has two horns; the larger is the nasal horn, typically 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in), while the other horn is typically a stub. A coat of reddish-brown hair covers most of the Sumatran rhino's body.
The Sumatran rhinoceros once inhabited rainforests, swamps and cloud forests in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and southwestern China, particularly in Sichuan. It is now critically endangered, with only five substantial populations in the wild: four in Sumatra and one in Borneo, with an estimated total population of fewer than 80 mature individuals. The species was extirpated in Malaysia in 2019, with the last known bull and cow dying in May and November, respectively, and one of the Sumatran populations may already be extinct. In 2015, researchers announced that the Bornean rhinoceros had become extinct in the northern part of Borneo in Sabah, Malaysia. A tiny population was discovered in East Kalimantan in early 2016.