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The Sumatran tiger is a subspecies of tiger found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It matters because it is one of the world's rarest tigers and is critically endangered, making its survival important for preserving tiger diversity and the ecosystems where it lives.
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The Sumatran tiger is a population of Panthera tigris sondaica on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the only surviving tiger population in the Sunda Islands, as the other Bali and Javan tigers went extinct during the 20th century.
Sequences from complete mitochondrial genes of 34 tigers support the hypothesis that Sumatran tigers are diagnostically distinct from existing mainland subspecies. In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and recognizes the living and extinct tiger populations in Indonesia as P. t. sondaica.