odd-toed ungulate
Sign in to savethumb|The white rhinoceros is the largest living perissodactyl
AI overview
Odd-toed ungulates, also called perissodactyls, are a group of hoofed mammals that walk on an odd number of toes, with the weight of their body supported mainly by the middle toe. This group includes animals like rhinoceroses, horses, and zebras, and while they were once very diverse and common, today only a few species remain.
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Species
奇蹄目（学名：Perissodactyla）是哺乳动物中的一个目，包括有奇数脚趾的动物。原始奇蹄动物的脚趾是前三后四，现生的奇蹄动物貘就是这样的脚趾结构(馬來貘腳趾是前四趾後三趾)。草食，胃的構造和偶蹄目部分成员多的胃室相較簡單，但盲肠大而呈囊状可协助消化植物纤维。奇蹄目有三个亚目，分别是马型亚目（包括马科和已经灭绝的雷兽科），爪兽亚目（已经灭绝）和角型亚目（包括貘科和犀科）。奇蹄目的化石非常丰富，史前曾是十分繁盛的种群，分化出形态各异的种类。史前的奇蹄动物包括爪兽、巨犀等。现代的奇蹄目整体呈衰落状态。有人認為由于偶蹄目更能消化植物纤维，所以奇蹄目的競爭能力不強，被生态位的偶蹄目逐渐取代，现在仅存16个野生物种（包括犀科5种、貘科4种、马科7种），但因為很多奇蹄目是在接觸人類後才滅絕的，所以是不一定是因為構造不如偶蹄目才滅絕的。[2]，且多数处于濒危状态。 目录 1 进化 2 分类 3 参考文献 4 延伸閱讀 5 外部链接 进化 奇蹄目动物是由古新世的踝节目动物进化而来。基本上从始新世开始分化，馬科的祖先是下始新世的曙馬。 奇蹄目共有馬科9種、犀科5種、貘科4種共18個現存種，化石種達200個。 分类 马型亚目 Hippomorpha 厚齿兽总科 Pachynolophoidea 厚齿兽科 Pachynolophidae † 马总科 Equoidea 马科 Equidae 古兽马科 Palaeotheriidae † 雷兽总科 Brontotherioidea† 兰布达兽科 Lambdotheriidae † 雷兽科 Brontotheriidae † 爪兽亚目 Ancylopoda † 爪兽总科 Chalicotherioidea 爪兽科 Chalicotheriidae † 角型亚目 Ceratomorpha 犀总科 Rhinocerotoidea 跑犀科 Hyracodontidae † 两栖犀科 Amynodontidae † 犀科 Rhinocerotidae 貘总科 Tapiroidea 貘科 Tapiridae 等外脊貘科 Isectolophidae † 戴氏貘科 Rhodopagidae † 脊齿爪兽科 Lophiodontidae † 脊齿獏科 Lophialetidae † 沼貘科 Helaletidae † 戴氏貘科 Deperetellidae † 貘犀科 Hyrachyidae † 参考文献 ^ Luke T. Holbrook; Joshua Lapergola. A new genus of perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the Bridgerian of Wyoming, with comments on basal perissodactyl phylogeny. Journal of Ver
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Research
83,995 papers- Fertile mules.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 1988
- Comparative embryogenesis in ungulate domesticated species.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2022
- Cum mula peperit.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 1985
- Chromosome evolution in Perissodactyla.
Article
21 sectionsContents
- Anatomy
- Limbs
- Skull and teeth
- Gut
- Lack of carotid rete
- Distribution
- Lifestyle and diet
- Reproduction and development
- Taxonomy
- Outer taxonomy
- Modern members
- Prehistoric members
- Higher classification of perissodactyls
- Evolutionary history
- Origins
- Phylogeny
- Research history
- Interactions with humans
- Conservation
- References
- Further reading
thumb|The white rhinoceros is the largest living perissodactyl
Perissodactyla (, ), or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of ungulates. The order includes about 17 living species divided into three families: Equidae (horses, asses, and zebras), Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), and Tapiridae (tapirs). They typically have reduced the weight-bearing toes to three or one of the five original toes, though tapirs retain four toes on their front feet. The nonweight-bearing toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or positioned posteriorly. By contrast, artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) bear most of their weight equally on four or two (an even number) of the five toes: their third and fourth toes. Another difference between the two is that perissodactyls digest plant cellulose in their intestines, rather than in one or more stomach chambers as artiodactyls, with the exception of Suina, do.