tin

Also known as element 50

Tin is a chemical element; it has the symbol Sn () and atomic number 50. A metallic-gray metal, tin is soft enough to be cut with little force, and a bar of tin can be bent by hand with little effort. When bent, a bar of tin makes a sound, the so-called "tin cry", as a result of twinning in tin crystals.

OverviewAI-generated

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. Its standard atomic mass is 118.71. The element has a density of 7.28. It melts at 449 and boils at 4545. Tin has an electronegativity of 1.96 and a standard molar entropy of 44.1. Its electron configuration is [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p².

The substance has a vapor pressure of 0 and an ionic radius of 0.81. It has zero hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, with a topological polar surface area of 0. Tin is referenced by 2,912 other encyclopedia articles. There are 41,141 PubMed records associated with the query for tin. The element is categorized under the Commons category "Tin" and the gallery "Tin".

Synthesized by Vinony from 31 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, PubChem, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Sn
Molecular weight: 118.71 g/mol
IUPAC name: tin
SMILES: [Sn]
InChIKey: ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

41,141 papers

Recent advancements of fluorescent tin(IV) complexes in biomedical molecular imaging.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2023
Aluminum and tin.World review of nutrition and dietetics · 1987
Toxicity of tin and its compounds.Adverse drug reactions and acute poisoning reviews · 1988
Tin--a toxic heavy metal? A review of the literature.Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP · 1984
Tin in canned food: a review and understanding of occurrence and effect.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2003

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~37 min read

Encyclopedic overview

34 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Physical
Chemical
Isotopes
Etymology
History
Compounds and chemistry
Inorganic compounds
Hydrides
Organotin compounds
Occurrence
Production
Mining and smelting
Industry
Price and exchanges
Applications
Pigments
Solder
Tin plating
Specialized alloys
Manufacturing of chemicals
Optoelectronics
Other applications
Organotin compounds
PVC stabilizers
Biocides
Organic chemistry
Li-ion batteries
Precautions
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links

Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table of elements. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains stannic oxide, . Tin shows a chemical similarity to both of its neighbors in group 14, germanium and lead, and has two main oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element on Earth, making up 0.00022% of its crust, and with 10 stable isotopes, it has the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table, due to its magic number of protons.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “tin” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.